Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Ann Epidemiol. 2024 Oct;98:25-31. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.07.048. Epub 2024 Jul 21.
Prior studies have examined the cross-sectional relationship between adolescent sleep and substance use; however, fewer have explored the long-term connections between childhood sleep and adolescent substance use.
This study investigated both cross-sectional associations during adolescence and prospective associations between childhood weeknight sleep and later alcohol and marijuana use in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a diverse national birth cohort of urban children from 20 cities with populations greater than 200,000. Parents reported their child's bedtime at ages 3, 5, and 9 and their child's sleep duration at ages 5 and 9.
At age 15, adolescents self-reported their bedtime, sleep duration, and alcohol and marijuana use (n = 1514). Logistic regression analyses for each substance use outcome at age 15 were adjusted for sex, age at time of assessment, race/ethnicity, income-relative-to-poverty threshold, family structure, and caregiver education level. At age 15, later bedtime (AOR=1.39; 95 % CI=1.22, 1.57) and shorter sleep duration (AOR=1.28; 95 % CI=1.14, 1.43) were associated with greater odds of consuming a full drink of alcohol more than once, and later bedtime was associated with greater odds of trying marijuana (AOR=1.35; 95 % CI=1.20, 1.51). Unexpectedly, later bedtimes at age 3 were associated with lower odds of drinking alcohol by age 15 (AOR=0.74; 95 % CI=0.59, 0.92). In contrast, later bedtimes at age 9 were associated with greater odds of drinking alcohol (AOR=1.45; 95 % CI=1.11, 1.90). Additionally, later bedtime at age 5 (AOR=1.26; 95 % CI=1.01, 1.58) and shorter sleep duration at age 9 (AOR=1.19; 95 % CI=1.04, 1.36) were associated with greater odds of trying marijuana.
Taken together, these associations support the importance of protecting childhood sleep habits to reduce the likelihood of substance use starting as early as mid-adolescence.
In this longitudinal cohort study, adolescents were more likely to have consumed alcohol or tried marijuana by age 15 if they had later bedtimes and shorter sleep duration during childhood and adolescence. Protecting sleep health throughout childhood may reduce the likelihood of substance use during early adolescence.
先前的研究已经考察了青少年睡眠与物质使用之间的横断面关系；然而，较少的研究探索了儿童期睡眠与青少年物质使用之间的长期联系。
本研究通过未来家庭和儿童福利研究调查了青少年时期的横断面关联，以及儿童期每周夜间睡眠与后来饮酒和大麻使用之间的前瞻性关联，该研究是一个多样化的全国性城市儿童队列，来自人口超过 200,000 的 20 个城市。父母在 3 岁、5 岁和 9 岁时报告孩子的就寝时间，在 5 岁和 9 岁时报告孩子的睡眠时间。
在 15 岁时，青少年自我报告了他们的就寝时间、睡眠时间以及饮酒和大麻使用情况（n=1514）。每个物质使用结果的逻辑回归分析在 15 岁时均调整了性别、评估时的年龄、种族/民族、收入相对于贫困门槛、家庭结构和照顾者教育水平。在 15 岁时，较晚的就寝时间（优势比[OR]=1.39；95%置信区间[CI]=1.22, 1.57）和较短的睡眠时间（OR=1.28；95%CI=1.14, 1.43）与更大的饮酒量（OR=1.35；95%CI=1.20, 1.51）相关，较晚的就寝时间与尝试大麻的可能性更大（OR=1.35；95%CI=1.20, 1.51）相关。出乎意料的是，3 岁时较晚的就寝时间与 15 岁时饮酒的可能性降低相关（OR=0.74；95%CI=0.59, 0.92）。相比之下，9 岁时较晚的就寝时间与饮酒的可能性更大相关（OR=1.45；95%CI=1.11, 1.90）。此外，5 岁时较晚的就寝时间（OR=1.26；95%CI=1.01, 1.58）和 9 岁时较短的睡眠时间（OR=1.19；95%CI=1.04, 1.36）与尝试大麻的可能性更大相关。
综上所述，这些关联支持保护儿童期睡眠习惯的重要性，以减少从青少年中期开始使用物质的可能性。
在这项纵向队列研究中，如果青少年在儿童期和青少年期有较晚的就寝时间和较短的睡眠时间，那么他们在 15 岁时更有可能饮酒或尝试大麻。在整个儿童期保护睡眠健康可能会降低青少年早期使用物质的可能性。
