Stempkowska Agata, Gawenda Tomasz
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 23;14(1):16880. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67454-3.
Lightweight aggregates are a material used in many industries. A huge amount of this material is used in construction and architecture. For the most part, lightweight construction aggregates are obtained from natural resources such as clay raw materials that have the ability to swell at high temperatures. Resources of these clays are limited and not available everywhere. Therefore, opportunities are being sought to produce lightweight artificial aggregates that have interesting performance characteristics due to their properties. For example, special preparation techniques can reduce or increase the water absorption of such an aggregate depending on the needs and application. The production of artificial lightweight aggregate using various types of waste materials is environmentally friendly as it reduces the depletion of natural resources. Therefore, this article proposes a method of obtaining artificial lightweight aggregate consolidated using two methods: drum and dynamic granulation. Hardening was achieved using combined methods: sintering and hydration, trying to maintain the highest possible porosity. Waste materials were used, such as dust from construction rubble and residues from the processing of PET bottles, as well as clay from the Bełchatów mine as a raw material accompanying the lignite overburden. High open porosity of the aggregates was achieved, above 30%, low apparent density of 1.23 g/cm, low leachability of approximately 250 µS. The produced lightweight aggregates could ultimately be used in green roofs.
轻质骨料是一种在许多行业中使用的材料。这种材料大量用于建筑和建筑学领域。在很大程度上，轻质建筑骨料是从自然资源中获取的，例如具有在高温下膨胀能力的粘土原料。这些粘土的资源有限，并非随处可得。因此，人们正在寻找机会生产轻质人造骨料，这些骨料因其特性而具有有趣的性能特点。例如，特殊的制备技术可以根据需求和应用来降低或提高这种骨料的吸水率。使用各种类型的废料生产人造轻质骨料对环境友好，因为它减少了自然资源的消耗。因此，本文提出了一种通过两种方法获得固结人造轻质骨料的方法：鼓式造粒和动态造粒。使用烧结和水化的组合方法实现硬化，试图保持尽可能高的孔隙率。使用了废料，例如建筑 rubble 的灰尘和 PET 瓶加工的残渣，以及来自 Bełchatów 矿的粘土作为褐煤覆盖层伴随的原料。骨料实现了高于 30% 的高开口孔隙率、1.23 g/cm 的低表观密度、约 250 µS 的低浸出率。所生产的轻质骨料最终可用于绿色屋顶。
