Salazar Luke Joshua, Hegde Divya, Srinivasan Krishnamachari, Heylen Elsa, Ekstrand Maria L
Department of Psychiatry, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560034, India.
Division of Mental Health and Neurosciences, St. John's Research Institute, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560034, India.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2025 Apr;60(4):859-868. doi: 10.1007/s00127-024-02727-w. Epub 2024 Jul 23.
We examined the correlates of disability among people with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and comorbid common mental disorders (CMDs) from rural India.
The sample comprised 2,486 participants enrolled in a cluster randomized trial (cRCT), Healthier OPtions through Empowerment (HOPE). Participants were 30 years or older, with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, and/or panic disorder on the MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, with hypertension, diabetes, dsylipidemia and/ or ischemic heart disease. Disability was measured with the 12-item version of WHODAS 2.0. The severity of depression and anxiety was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine associations.
The mean age was 59 ± 10.0 years, three quarters (1864) of the participants were female, and 64.0% were married. More than half of the participants had no formal education (57.9%). Most of the participants had two or more chronic medical conditions (73.0%). The mean disability score was 24.3. The mean depression score was 8.5, and the mean anxiety score was 6.7. Higher levels of disability were reported by participants ≥ 60 years of age, those with moderate and severe depression, and moderate anxiety. Among female participants, being unmarried was associated with greater disability. Male participants without formal education reported greater levels of disability.
Higher severity of CMDs is significantly associated with higher levels of disability. For women, being unmarried and for men having no formal education was associated with higher levels of disability.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02310932 [URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02310932 ] registered on December 8, 2014, and Clinical Trials Registry India CTRI/2018/04/013001, registered on April 4, 2018. Retrospectively registered.
我们研究了印度农村地区患有非传染性疾病（NCDs）和合并常见精神障碍（CMDs）人群的残疾相关因素。
样本包括2486名参与整群随机试验（cRCT）“通过赋权实现更健康选择”（HOPE）的参与者。参与者年龄在30岁及以上，根据MINI国际神经精神访谈诊断为重度抑郁症、心境恶劣障碍、广泛性焦虑障碍和/或惊恐障碍，同时患有高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和/或缺血性心脏病。使用WHODAS 2.0的12项版本测量残疾情况。分别使用患者健康问卷（PHQ - 9）和广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD - 7）测量抑郁和焦虑的严重程度。采用多元线性回归分析来检验相关性。
平均年龄为59±10.0岁，四分之三（1864名）参与者为女性，64.0%已婚。超过一半的参与者没有接受过正规教育（57.9%）。大多数参与者患有两种或更多慢性疾病（73.0%）。平均残疾评分为24.3。平均抑郁评分为8.5，平均焦虑评分为6.7。60岁及以上的参与者、患有中度和重度抑郁症以及中度焦虑的参与者报告的残疾水平较高。在女性参与者中，未婚与更高的残疾水平相关。未接受过正规教育的男性参与者报告的残疾水平较高。
CMDs的更高严重程度与更高的残疾水平显著相关。对于女性，未婚以及对于男性未接受过正规教育与更高的残疾水平相关。
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02310932 [网址：https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02310932 ] 于2014年12月8日注册，以及印度临床试验注册中心CTRI/2018/04/013001，于2018年4月4日注册。回顾性注册。
