Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye.
Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Magnesia, Greece.
J Econ Entomol. 2024 Oct 14;117(5):2159-2167. doi: 10.1093/jee/toae151.
Insect pests pose a significant threat to stored commodities, necessitating the exploration of alternative pest management strategies. Long-lasting insecticide-incorporated nets (LLINs) have emerged as a promising tool, offering selectivity and reduced ecological impact compared to conventional chemical approaches. However, their efficacy against Ephestia kuehniella Zeller and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), cosmopolitan stored product moth species, has remained underexplored. This study investigated the immediate and delayed effects of 2 commercial pyrethroid-incorporated nets, Carifend (0.34% α-cypermethrin) and D-Terrence (0.4% deltamethrin), on the adult and larval stages. Both LLINs demonstrated high efficacy in controlling E. kuehniella and P. interpunctella, with mortality rates reaching up to 100% depending on exposure and post-exposure durations. Particularly, rapid knockdown was observed with D-Terrence net inducing 100% of adults in P. interpunctella after 30 min exposure. LLINs achieved almost 100% immediate mortality rate against adults after just 1 day of exposure. In addition, immediate rates of affected individuals reached as high as 81% and 91% in E. kuehniella and P. interpunctella larvae, respectively, following just 5 h of exposure to the D-Terrence. Different responses were observed between the adult and larval stages, with larvae exhibiting higher tolerance and potential for recovery from the affected phase after short exposures. There were increasing mortality rates after greater exposure to LLIN. Findings highlight the potential of LLINs as a pest management tool in storage facilities against these important stored product moths. Understanding the responses between life stages and the significance of delayed effects is crucial for optimizing LLIN deployment strategies.
昆虫对储存商品构成重大威胁，因此需要探索替代虫害管理策略。长效杀虫剂浸渍网（LLINs）作为一种有前途的工具，与传统的化学方法相比，具有选择性和降低生态影响的特点。然而，它们对世界性的仓储害虫物种——粉斑螟（Ephestia kuehniella Zeller）和印度谷螟（Plodia interpunctella （Hübner））（鳞翅目：螟蛾科）的效果仍未得到充分探索。本研究调查了两种商业拟除虫菊酯浸渍网——Carifend（0.34%α-氯氰菊酯）和 D-Terrence（0.4%溴氰菊酯）对成虫和幼虫阶段的即时和延迟效果。两种 LLIN 对 E. kuehniella 和 P. interpunctella 的控制效果均很高，死亡率取决于暴露和暴露后时间，高达 100%。特别是 D-Terrence 网在 30 分钟暴露后可使 P. interpunctella 成虫的死亡率达到 100%。LLIN 对成虫的即时死亡率在暴露 1 天后几乎达到 100%。此外，D-Terrence 暴露 5 小时后，E. kuehniella 和 P. interpunctella 幼虫的受影响个体的即时死亡率分别高达 81%和 91%。成虫和幼虫阶段之间观察到不同的反应，幼虫对暴露的耐受能力更高，在短时间暴露后从受影响阶段恢复的潜力更大。在更长时间的暴露后，死亡率会增加。这些发现突出了 LLIN 作为储存设施中防治这些重要仓储性害虫的虫害管理工具的潜力。了解不同生活阶段之间的反应以及延迟效应的重要性，对于优化 LLIN 的部署策略至关重要。
