Stan Emanuela, Muresan Camelia-Oana, Daescu Ecaterina, Dumache Raluca, Ciocan Veronica, Ungureanu Stefania, Costachescu Dan, Enache Alexandra
Department of Neuroscience, Discipline of Forensic Medicine, Bioethics, Deontology and Medical Law, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Institute of Legal Medicine Timisoara, 300610 Timisoara, Romania.
Methods Protoc. 2024 Jun 30;7(4):51. doi: 10.3390/mps7040051.
The first step in anthropological study is the positive identification of human remains, which can be a challenging undertaking when bones are broken. When bone pieces from different species are mixed together, it can be crucial to distinguish between them in forensic and archaeological contexts. For years, anthropology and archaeology have employed the histomorphological analysis of bones to evaluate species-specific variations. Based on variations in the dimensions and configuration of Haversian systems between the two groups, these techniques have been devised to distinguish between non-human and human bones. All of those techniques concentrate on a very particular kind of bone, zone, and segment. Histomorphometric techniques make the assumption that there are size, form, and quantity variations between non-humans and humans. The structural components of Haversian bones are significant enough to use discriminant function analysis to separate one from the other. This review proposes a comprehensive literature analysis of the various strategies or techniques available for distinguishing human from non-human bones to demonstrate that histomorphological analysis is the most effective method to be used in the case of inadequate or compromised samples.
人类学研究的第一步是对人类遗骸进行准确鉴定，当骨骼破碎时，这可能是一项具有挑战性的任务。当来自不同物种的骨头碎片混合在一起时，在法医和考古背景下区分它们可能至关重要。多年来，人类学和考古学一直采用骨骼的组织形态学分析来评估物种特异性差异。基于两组之间哈弗斯系统在尺寸和结构上的差异，这些技术被设计用于区分非人类和人类骨骼。所有这些技术都集中在一种非常特殊的骨头、区域和片段上。组织形态计量学技术假设非人类和人类之间存在大小、形状和数量上的差异。哈弗斯骨的结构成分足够显著，可以使用判别函数分析将两者区分开来。本综述建议对现有的区分人类和非人类骨骼的各种策略或技术进行全面的文献分析，以证明在样本不足或受损的情况下，组织形态学分析是最有效的方法。
