Baig Nadeem, Matin A
IRC Membranes & Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
IRC Membranes & Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2024 Dec 15;676:657-669. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.180. Epub 2024 Jul 2.
The presence of emerging organic micropollutants (OMPs) in drinking and potable waters is a matter of great concern due to the health hazards associated with these. In this work, we present the preparation and application of a thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane containing functionalized graphene oxide to effectively remove low-molecular-weight OMPs from water. Graphene oxide was functionalized with amino silane to enhance its cross-linking capability during the formation of the polyamide active layer via interfacial polymerization of diethylene triamine and trimesoyl chloride. The TEM analysis showed that amino silane functionalized GO had 2-3 layered sheets, while non-functionalized graphene oxide appeared multilayered or stacked. XPS analysis confirmed the successful functionalization of GO. Characterization of the membranes with advanced techniques confirmed the successful incorporation of the GO and its functionalization: spectra from Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy had the characteristic peaks of GO and NH groups; scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed a continuous presence of GO nanosheets. Contact angle measurements showed the TFN membranes to be more hydrophilic than their thin film composite (TFC) counterparts. Incorporating functionalized oxide nanosheets in the active polyamide layer produced additional water permeation channels, resulting in an improvement of ∼25 % in permeate flux compared to the pristine TFC and the TFN membrane with non-functionalized GO. The removal efficiencies of four OMPs commonly found in natural waters: Amitriptylene HCl (ATT HCl) and Bisphenol-A (BPA), Acetaminophen (ACT), and Caffeine (CFN) were determined for the synthesized membranes. The TFN membrane with functionalized GO outperformed its TFC counterpart with ∼100 % removal for BPA, ∼ 90 % for CFN and ATT HCl, and ∼80 % removal for the low molecular weight ACT. The high-efficiency rejection of OMPs was attributed to the synergistic effects of size exclusion as well as the reduced specific interactions between the functional groups.
由于新兴有机微污染物（OMPs）对健康存在危害，饮用水和适饮水中这些污染物的存在引发了人们的高度关注。在本研究中，我们展示了一种含有功能化氧化石墨烯的薄膜纳米复合（TFN）膜的制备及其应用，该膜能有效去除水中的低分子量OMPs。通过用氨基硅烷对氧化石墨烯进行功能化处理，以增强其在经由二乙烯三胺和均苯三甲酰氯的界面聚合形成聚酰胺活性层过程中的交联能力。透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析表明，氨基硅烷功能化的氧化石墨烯具有2 - 3层薄片结构，而非功能化的氧化石墨烯呈现多层或堆叠状。X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析证实了氧化石墨烯功能化的成功。采用先进技术对膜进行表征证实了氧化石墨烯的成功掺入及其功能化：傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）谱图具有氧化石墨烯和NH基团的特征峰；扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像显示氧化石墨烯纳米片持续存在。接触角测量表明，TFN膜比其对应的薄膜复合（TFC）膜更具亲水性。在活性聚酰胺层中掺入功能化的氧化物纳米片产生了额外的水渗透通道，与原始TFC膜和含非功能化氧化石墨烯的TFN膜相比，渗透通量提高了约25%。测定了合成膜对天然水中常见的四种OMPs的去除效率：盐酸阿米替林（ATT HCl）、双酚A（BPA）、对乙酰氨基酚（ACT）和咖啡因（CFN）。含功能化氧化石墨烯的TFN膜性能优于其对应的TFC膜，对BPA的去除率约为100%，对CFN和ATT HCl的去除率约为90%，对低分子量ACT的去除率约为80%。对OMPs的高效截留归因于尺寸排阻的协同效应以及官能团之间特定相互作用的减少。
