Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701 (01897), Republic of Korea.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701 (01897), Republic of Korea.
Chemosphere. 2024 Aug;362:142921. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142921. Epub 2024 Jul 23.
The contamination of water sources by pharmaceutical compounds presents global environmental and health risks, necessitating the development of efficient water treatment technologies. In this study, the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a novel graphitic carbon nitride-calcined (Fe-Ca) layered double hydroxide (gCN-CLDH) composite for electrochemical degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in water yielded significant outcomes are reported. SEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses confirmed well-defined composite structures with unique morphology and crystalline properties. Electrochemical degradation experiments demonstrated >98% SMX removal and >75% TOC removal under optimized conditions, highlighting its effectiveness. The composite exhibited excellent mineralization efficiency across various pH levels, with superoxide radicals (O) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) identified as primary reactive oxygen species. With remarkable regeneration capability for up to 7 cycles, the gCN-CLDH composite emerges as a highly promising solution for sustainable water treatment. Humic acid (HA) in water significantly slows SMX degradation, suggests complicating SMX degradation with natural organic matter. Despite this, the gCN-CLDH composite effectively degrades SMX in groundwater and industrial wastewater, with slight efficiency reduction in the latter due to higher impurity levels. These findings highlight the complexities of treating pharmaceutical pollutants in various water types. Overall, gCN-CLDH's high removal efficiency, broad pH applicability, sustainability, and mechanistic insights provide a solid foundation for future research and real-world environmental applications.
该研究报道了一种新型石墨相氮化碳-煅烧（Fe-Ca）层状双氢氧化物（gCN-CLDH）复合材料的合成、表征及其在电化学降解水中磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）方面的应用。SEM、XRD、FTIR 和 XPS 分析证实了具有独特形貌和晶体特性的明确复合结构。在优化条件下，电化学降解实验表明 SMX 的去除率>98%，TOC 的去除率>75%，突出了其有效性。该复合材料在不同 pH 值下均表现出优异的矿化效率，超氧自由基（O）和羟基自由基（OH）被确定为主要的活性氧物种。该复合材料具有高达 7 个循环的出色再生能力，是可持续水处理的极具前景的解决方案。水中的腐殖酸（HA）显著减缓了 SMX 的降解，表明天然有机物使 SMX 的降解变得复杂。尽管如此，gCN-CLDH 复合材料仍能有效地降解地下水和工业废水中的 SMX，后者由于杂质水平较高，效率略有降低。这些发现强调了在各种水质中处理药物污染物的复杂性。总的来说，gCN-CLDH 的高去除效率、广泛的 pH 适用性、可持续性和机制见解为未来的研究和实际环境应用提供了坚实的基础。
