Washington State University, Washington State University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Spokane, WA, USA.
Washington State University, Washington State University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Spokane, WA, USA.
Am J Pharm Educ. 2024 Sep;88(9):101252. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2024.101252. Epub 2024 Jul 23.
To evaluate experiential pharmacy preceptor perceptions of student pharmacists' ability to administer pediatric immunizations.
Semi-structured, qualitative key informant interviews using the Outcomes Evaluation Framework were conducted with 10 pharmacist preceptors in outpatient community pharmacies where pediatric immunizations were provided. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and deidentified prior to analysis by the research team. Qualitative analysis and thematic coding procedures were used to identify relevant themes.
Saturation was met after 10 pharmacists participated. All stated that it was beneficial for student pharmacists to administer pediatric vaccines if trained in proper technique. Participants acknowledged that the training students currently receive in immunization administration within the PharmD curriculum is valuable but did identify general confidence and child-comforting techniques during and after vaccination as areas of improvement for students. Just-in-time training, preceptor coaching, and hands-on practice outside of the didactic curriculum were utilized to help build confidence. Barriers to the implementation or expansion of pediatric immunization delivered by students in community pharmacies were identified as competing priorities, time, and reimbursement.
Student pharmacists can be helpful in easing the challenges of incorporating pediatric immunization services into the community pharmacy setting. Results demonstrate that the integration of student pharmacists into these services is beneficial. Pediatric immunizations are still relatively new to many pharmacists and specific training for pediatric immunization administration may not be integrated into all Doctor of Pharmacy curricula but the experiential education of pediatric immunization training can be beneficial to help prepare student pharmacists for hands-on practice.
评估经验丰富的药学带教导师对学生药剂师进行儿科疫苗接种能力的看法。
在提供儿科疫苗接种服务的社区门诊药房中，采用 Outcomes Evaluation Framework 对 10 名药剂师带教导师进行了半结构化、定性的关键信息访谈。在分析研究团队之前，对访谈进行了音频记录、转录和去识别。采用定性分析和主题编码程序来识别相关主题。
在 10 名药剂师参与后达到了饱和。所有参与者都表示，如果接受过正确技术的培训，学生药剂师接种儿科疫苗是有益的。参与者承认，学生在 PharmD 课程中接受的疫苗接种管理培训具有价值，但确实指出，学生在接种疫苗期间和之后的一般信心和安抚儿童技术是需要改进的领域。即时培训、带教导师指导以及课堂外的实践操作被用于帮助建立信心。将学生纳入社区药房提供儿科免疫接种服务的实施或扩展的障碍被确定为竞争优先事项、时间和报销。
学生药剂师可以在将儿科免疫服务纳入社区药房的挑战中提供帮助。结果表明，将学生药剂师纳入这些服务是有益的。儿科免疫接种对许多药剂师来说仍然相对较新，儿科免疫接种管理的特定培训可能并未纳入所有药学博士课程，但儿科免疫接种培训的体验式教育可能有助于学生药剂师为实际操作做好准备。
