Banerjee Priyanka, Ulker Onur, Ozkan Irem, Ulker Ozge Cemiloglu
Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of Interior Architecture, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkiye.
Toxicol Mech Methods. 2025 Jan;35(1):32-42. doi: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2382815. Epub 2024 Jul 25.
From the past to the present, many chemicals have been used for the purpose of flame retardant. Due to PBDEs' (Polybrominated diphenyl ether) lipophilic and accumulative properties, some of them are banned from the market. As an alternative to these chemicals, OPFRs (organophosphorus flame retardants) have started to be used as flame retardants. In this article, acute toxicity profiles, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, blood-brain barrier permeability, ecotoxicity and nutritional toxicity as also AHR, ER affinity and MMP, aromatase affinity, CYP2C9, CYP3A4 interaction of the of 16 different compounds of the OPFRs were investigated using a computational toxicology method; ProTox- 3.0. According to our results, eight compounds were found to be active in terms of carcinogenic effect, whereas two compounds were found to be active for mutagenicity. On the other hand, all compounds were found to be active in terms of blood-barrier permeability. Fourteen compounds and four compounds are found to have ecotoxic and nutritional toxic potency, respectively. Eight compounds were determined as active to AhR, and four chemicals were found to be active in Estrogen Receptor alpha. Eight chemicals were found to be active in terms of mitochondrial membrane potency. Lastly, three chemicals were found to be active in aromatase enzymes. In terms of CYP interaction potencies, eight compounds were found to be active in both CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. This research provided novel insights into the potential toxic effects of OPFRs. However, further studies are needed to evaluate their toxicity. Moreover, these findings lay the groundwork for and toxicity research.
从过去到现在，许多化学物质被用于阻燃目的。由于多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）具有亲脂性和累积性，其中一些已被禁止进入市场。作为这些化学物质的替代品，有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs）已开始用作阻燃剂。在本文中，使用计算毒理学方法ProTox - 3.0研究了16种不同OPFRs化合物的急性毒性概况、致突变性、致癌性、血脑屏障通透性、生态毒性和营养毒性，以及芳烃受体（AHR）、雌激素受体亲和力和线粒体膜电位（MMP）、芳香化酶亲和力、细胞色素P450 2C9（CYP2C9）、细胞色素P450 3A4（CYP3A4）相互作用。根据我们的结果，发现有8种化合物在致癌作用方面具有活性，而有2种化合物在致突变性方面具有活性。另一方面，发现所有化合物在血脑屏障通透性方面均具有活性。分别发现14种化合物和4种化合物具有生态毒性和营养毒性潜力。确定有8种化合物对芳烃受体具有活性，4种化学物质在雌激素受体α方面具有活性。发现有8种化学物质在线粒体膜电位方面具有活性。最后，发现有3种化学物质在芳香化酶方面具有活性。就细胞色素P450相互作用潜力而言，发现有8种化合物在CYP2C9和CYP3A4中均具有活性。这项研究为OPFRs的潜在毒性作用提供了新的见解。然而，需要进一步研究来评估它们的毒性。此外，这些发现为毒性研究奠定了基础。
