London Neonatal Operational Delivery Network, London, UK.
The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2025 Feb;38(1):e13353. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13353. Epub 2024 Jul 25.
The evolution of nutritional care in preterm infants, particularly those classified as extremely preterm, has undergone significant advancements in recent years. These infants, born at less than 28 weeks of gestation, face unique challenges related to their elevated nutrient requirements, underdeveloped organ systems and minimal reserves, posing a need for timely and specialised nutritional strategies. Historically, the nutritional management of preterm infants focussed on short-term goals to promote survival. In recent years, the focus has shifted to the quality of nutrient provision to optimise neurodevelopment and longer-term health outcomes. This review highlights the shift from a generalised nutritional approach to a robust, evidence-based approach for preterm infants, acknowledging the intricate interplay between nutrition, holistic care and developmental outcomes. As neonatal care continues to evolve, ongoing research will refine nutritional interventions, optimise growth and enhance the long-term health outcomes of these vulnerable infants.
近年来，早产儿，尤其是那些被归类为极早产儿的营养护理已经取得了重大进展。这些在 28 周妊娠前出生的婴儿面临着与他们的高营养需求、未成熟的器官系统和最小储备相关的独特挑战，因此需要及时和专门的营养策略。在历史上，早产儿的营养管理侧重于促进生存的短期目标。近年来，重点已经转移到提供营养的质量上，以优化神经发育和长期健康结果。这篇综述强调了从一般营养方法向强壮、基于证据的方法转变，以满足早产儿的需求，承认营养、全面护理和发育结果之间的复杂相互作用。随着新生儿护理的不断发展，正在进行的研究将完善营养干预措施，优化生长，并增强这些脆弱婴儿的长期健康结果。
