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林下地被环境对中尺度实验下木社区的全球变化处理效应具有支配作用。

Forest floor environment overrules global change treatment effects on understorey communities in a mesocosm experiment.

机构信息

Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.

出版信息

Glob Chang Biol. 2024 Jul;30(7):e17443. doi: 10.1111/gcb.17443.

Abstract

Light availability profoundly influences plant communities, especially below dense tree canopies in forests. Canopy disturbances, altering forest floor light conditions, together with other environmental changes such as climate change, nitrogen deposition and legacy effects from previous land-use will simultaneously impact forest understorey communities. Yet, knowledge on the individual effects of these drivers and their potential interactions remains scarce. Here we performed a forest mesocosm experiment to assess the influence of warming, illumination (simulating canopy opening), nitrogen deposition and soil land-use history (comparing ancient and post-agricultural forest soil) on understorey community composition trajectories over a 7-year period. Strikingly, understorey communities primarily evolved in response to the deeply shaded ambient forest conditions, with experimental treatments exerting only secondary influences. The overruling trajectory steered all mesocosms towards slow-colonizing forest specialist communities dominated by spring geophytes with lower nutrient-demand. The illumination treatment and, to a lesser extent, warming and agricultural land-use legacy slowed down this trend by advancing fast-growing resource-acquisitive generalist species. Warm ambient temperatures induced thermophilization of plant communities in all treatments, including control plots, towards higher dominance of warm-adapted species. Nitrogen addition accelerated this thermophilization process and increased the community light-demand signature. Land-use legacy effects were limited in our study. Our findings underscore the essential role of limited light availability in preserving forest specialists in understorey communities and highlight the importance of maintaining a dense canopy cover to attenuate global change impacts. It is crucial to integrate this knowledge in forest management adaptation to global change, particularly in the face of increasing demands for wood and wood products and intensified natural canopy disturbances.

摘要

光照条件对植物群落影响深远,尤其是在森林中茂密树冠层之下。林冠干扰会改变森林底层的光照条件,而气候变化、氮沉降和先前土地利用的遗留效应等其他环境变化也会同时对森林下木群落产生影响。然而,这些驱动因素的单独影响及其潜在相互作用的知识仍然很少。在这里,我们进行了一个森林中尺度实验,以评估在 7 年的时间内,升温、光照(模拟林冠打开)、氮沉降和土壤土地利用历史(比较古老和农业后森林土壤)对林下群落组成轨迹的影响。引人注目的是,林下群落主要是对深阴影的环境森林条件作出响应,而实验处理只产生次要影响。主导轨迹使所有中尺度实验朝着缓慢定植的森林专性种群落发展,这些群落由春生植物组成,对养分的需求较低。光照处理,以及在较小程度上的升温处理和农业土地利用遗留物,通过推进生长速度较快、资源获取能力较强的一般性物种,减缓了这一趋势。环境温度升高促使所有处理中的植物群落发生了趋暖化,包括对照小区,具有较高的喜温暖适应种的优势度。氮添加加速了这一趋暖化过程,并增加了群落对光的需求特征。土地利用遗留物的影响在我们的研究中是有限的。我们的研究结果强调了有限光照在保护林下专性种方面的重要作用,并强调了保持茂密树冠覆盖以减轻全球变化影响的重要性。在面对日益增长的木材和木制品需求以及天然林冠干扰加剧的情况下,将这一知识纳入森林管理适应全球变化的工作中至关重要。

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