Aleem Ambreen, Khan Hasan M, Zahid Muhammad, Ouyang Chun, Iqbal Hajana Muhammad, Azeem Waqar, Atriq Maria, Boukhris Imed, Kebaili Imen
Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
Institute of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Heliyon. 2024 Jun 28;10(13):e33271. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33271. eCollection 2024 Jul 15.
Sol-gel method was used to prepare SrCdZnFeO (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.06, 0.1) R-type hexaferrite. The synthesized materials were sintered at 850C and desired phase was obtained. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that R-type hexaferrite exists only as a single phase. Using the Scherer formula, crystallite size for all of the prepared samples was found to be in the range of 10.39-12.62 nm. Crystallite size (D), the lattice parameters (a, c), and the cell volume (V), d-spacing, bulk density, X-ray density, porosity, dislocation density and micro strain were determined in structural analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method was used to identify the metal-oxygen vibrations at different locations. FT-IR verifies the presence of the Fe-O stretching vibration band at 743 and 867 cm. The typical grain size in surface morphology investigation ranges from 0.56 to 0.82 μm. Dielectric response of ferrite ceramic samples replaced with Cd was investigated in the frequency range of 1 MHz-3 GHz. The AC conductivity rises with an increase in frequency because they are proportional to one another. This increasing tendency is effectively described by the theory of Maxwell-Wagner and Koop. Q-values remain constant as frequency rises and behaves independently of frequency as long as frequency reaches 1.7 GHz. These types of materials are utilized in high-frequency applications including frequency filters and resonant circuits. All of the magnetic properties determined by analyzing the M - H loops, including saturation magnetization (Ms), retentivity (Mr), and coercivity (Hc), exhibit an increasing trend as the substitution of Cd rises. Ms (49.76-56.38 emu/g), Mr (15.82-18.30 emu/g) and Hc range from 203.20 Oe to 215.80 Oe. Grain size decreases cause arise in coercivity, which is caused by an enhancement in magneto-crystalline anisotropy. Overall results suggest that Cd replaced R-type hexagonal ferrites are a great resource for longitudinal recording media; they have the potential to be used in a wide variety of electronic applications, including resonant circuits and high-frequency filters, security, detecting and switching.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SrCdZnFeO（x = 0.00、0.02、0.06、0.1）R型六铁氧体。将合成材料在850℃下烧结，得到了所需的相。X射线衍射分析证实R型六铁氧体仅以单相形式存在。使用谢乐公式，发现所有制备样品的微晶尺寸在10.39 - 12.62纳米范围内。在结构分析中测定了微晶尺寸（D）、晶格参数（a、c）、晶胞体积（V）、d间距、体密度、X射线密度、孔隙率、位错密度和微应变。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法识别不同位置的金属-氧振动。傅里叶变换红外光谱验证了在743和867厘米处存在Fe - O伸缩振动带。表面形貌研究中的典型晶粒尺寸范围为0.56至0.82微米。研究了用Cd替代的铁氧体陶瓷样品在1兆赫至3吉赫频率范围内的介电响应。交流电导率随频率增加而上升，因为它们相互成正比。麦克斯韦-瓦格纳理论和库普理论有效地描述了这种增加趋势。随着频率升高，Q值保持恒定，并且只要频率达到1.7吉赫，Q值就与频率无关。这些类型的材料用于包括频率滤波器和谐振电路在内的高频应用。通过分析M - H回线确定的所有磁性能，包括饱和磁化强度（Ms）、剩磁（Mr）和矫顽力（Hc），都随着Cd替代量的增加而呈现上升趋势。Ms（49.76 - 56.38emu/g）、Mr（15.82 - 18.30emu/g），Hc范围为203.20奥斯特至215.80奥斯特。晶粒尺寸减小导致矫顽力增加，这是由磁晶各向异性增强引起的。总体结果表明，Cd替代的R型六角铁氧体是纵向记录介质的优质资源；它们有潜力用于各种电子应用，包括谐振电路和高频滤波器、安全、检测和开关。
