Expression and Functional Analysis of the Smo Protein in .

Smoothened () is a critical component regulating the Hedgehog signaling pathway. However, whether is associated with the modulation of olfactory recognition capabilities of bees remains unclear. In this study, we amplified from The coding sequence of was 2952 bp long, encoded 983 amino acids. was most highly expressed in the antennae. Cyclopamine (200 μg/mL) significantly reduced but purmorphamine (800 μg/mL) significantly increased expression ( < 0.05). and expression in the cyclopamine group significantly decreased, whereas expression in the purmorphamine group significantly increased ( < 0.05). A significant decrease in the relative values of electroantennography was observed in the cyclopamine group exposed to neral. Behavioral tests indicated a significant decrease in the attractive rates of neral, VUAA1, linalool, and methyl heptenone in the cyclopamine group. Conversely, the selection rates of linalool and methyl heptenone in the purmorphamine group significantly increased. Our findings indicate that Smo may play a role in modulating olfactory receptors in bees.