Du Yingna, Slaný Michal, Hu Tianbao, Lian Yubo, Bai Yingxue, Ke Congyu, Chen Gang
Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
Engineering Research Center of Oil and Gas Field Chemistry, Universities of Shaanxi Provence, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
Gels. 2024 Jul 4;10(7):443. doi: 10.3390/gels10070443.
The network formed by wax precipitation at low temperature and colloid asphaltene at high temperature leads to poor fluidity of heavy oil, and the gelling characteristics of crude oil lead to pipeline blockage, which affects the exploitation, transportation and refining of crude oil. This work prepares a series of cationic surfactant-modified nano hydrotalcite (CSNH) to weaken the network structure and enhance the fluidity of the crude oil by the interaction of organic and inorganic functional groups on the CSNH surface and the components of the crude oil. The results show that CSNHs can all reduce the viscosity of crude oil from different oilfields, among which BTNH can reduce the viscosity of Yanglou (YL) crude oil by 98.8% (31 °C) and depress the pour point by 16.0 °C at most. In the investigation of the universality of crude oil, the modified hydrotalcite was applied to the mixed crude oil (CQH) of Changqing Oilfield, the crude oil (J76) of Jidong Oilfield, the high pour point oil (GN) of Huabei Oilfield, and the crude oil (HQ) of Tuha Oilfield. The viscosity reduction rates were 53.2%, 86.2%, 42.7%, and 63.8%, respectively. The characterization of this nano material confirms the modification of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant on the surface, resulting in a smaller particle size, and the nano particles are stable under conventional conditions. The mechanism of viscosity and pour point reduction in crude oil by BTNH was discussed by DSC and optical microscopy analysis. The OH- and long-chain alkyl groups on the BTNH surface may interact with the resins, asphaltene and wax through hydrogen bonding and co-crystal, weakening or dispersing their aggregates, thereby improving the fluidity of crude oil. Finally, a cost evaluation was conducted on BTNH, providing useful support for subsequent promotion and application.
低温下蜡析出以及高温下胶体沥青质形成的网络结构导致稠油流动性差，原油的胶凝特性会造成管道堵塞，进而影响原油的开采、运输和炼制。本研究制备了一系列阳离子表面活性剂改性的纳米水滑石（CSNH），通过CSNH表面有机和无机官能团与原油组分间的相互作用来弱化网络结构并增强原油流动性。结果表明，CSNH均能降低不同油田原油的黏度，其中BTNH在31℃时可使杨楼（YL）原油黏度降低98.8%，倾点最多降低16.0℃。在原油通用性研究中，将改性水滑石应用于长庆油田的混合原油（CQH）、冀东油田的原油（J76）、华北油田的高凝油（GN）以及吐哈油田的原油（HQ），降黏率分别为53.2%、86.2%、42.7%和63.8%。对该纳米材料的表征证实了季铵阳离子表面活性剂在其表面的改性，使其粒径更小，且纳米颗粒在常规条件下稳定。通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）和光学显微镜分析探讨了BTNH降低原油黏度和倾点的机理。BTNH表面的OH-和长链烷基可能通过氢键和共晶作用与树脂、沥青质和蜡相互作用，弱化或分散它们的聚集体，从而提高原油的流动性。最后，对BTNH进行了成本评估，为后续的推广应用提供了有益支撑。
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