Lee Mi-Joon, Seo Bum-Jeun, Kim Yeon-Sook
Department of Medical Information, Kongju National University, 56 Gongjudaehak-ro, Gongju-si 32588, Republic of Korea.
Department of Nursing, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Jul 19;12(14):1446. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12141446.
Education is correlated with health literacy, which is a combination of reading and listening skills, data analysis, and decision-making during the necessary health situations. This study aims to evaluate the effect of education on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is a population-based cross-sectional study using the 2019 nationwide survey data in Korea. There were 3951 study subjects, after excluding participants with missing data for key exposures and outcome variables. Descriptive statistics, χ (chi-square) test, and logistic regression were performed to analyze the data. The prevalence of T2DM was associated with educational attainment, sex, age, smoking status, physical activity, carbohydrate intake, and obesity. In the logistic regression model, the odds ratio (OR) of having T2DM was much lower among people educated in college or higher (OR = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.34-0.64) than those with only or without primary education after adjusting for biological factors (sex, age) and health behaviors (smoking status, physical activity, carbohydrate intake, and obesity). This study shows that educational attainment is a significant social determinant influencing health outcomes both directly and indirectly. Therefore, it is necessary to develop policies to reduce the health inequity of T2DM caused by differences in educational attainment.
教育与健康素养相关，健康素养是在必要的健康状况下阅读和听力技能、数据分析及决策能力的综合体现。本研究旨在评估教育对2型糖尿病（T2DM）风险的影响。这是一项基于人群的横断面研究，使用了2019年韩国全国性调查数据。在排除关键暴露因素和结局变量数据缺失的参与者后，共有3951名研究对象。采用描述性统计、χ²（卡方）检验和逻辑回归对数据进行分析。T2DM的患病率与教育程度、性别、年龄、吸烟状况、身体活动、碳水化合物摄入量及肥胖有关。在逻辑回归模型中，在调整生物因素（性别、年龄）和健康行为（吸烟状况、身体活动、碳水化合物摄入量及肥胖）后，接受过大学及以上教育的人群患T2DM的优势比（OR）（OR = 0.49，95%置信区间[95%CI] = 0.34 - 0.64）远低于仅接受过小学教育或未接受过小学教育的人群。本研究表明，教育程度是直接和间接影响健康结局的重要社会决定因素。因此，有必要制定政策以减少因教育程度差异导致的T2DM健康不平等现象。
