Impact of Ethanol Infusion to the Vein of Marshall in Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Tachycardia.

The ligament of Marshall is an epicardial structure characterized by its composition of fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, muscle bundles, nerve fibers, and ganglia. Its intricate network forms muscular connections with the coronary sinus and left atrium, alongside adjacent autonomic nerves and ganglion cells. This complexity plays a pivotal role in initiating focal electrical activities and sustaining micro- and macro-reentrant circuits, thereby contributing to the onset of atrial fibrillation and atrial tachycardia. However, endocardial ablation in this area may encounter challenges due to anatomical variations and insulation by fibrofatty tissue. Combining ethanol infusion into the vein of Marshall with radiofrequency ablation presents a promising strategy for effectively and safely eliminating this arrhythmogenic structure and terminating associated tachycardias.