Tomczak Wirginia, Woźniak Piotr, Gryta Marek, Grzechulska-Damszel Joanna, Daniluk Monika
Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 10 Pułaskiego Street, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland.
Membranes (Basel). 2024 Jul 19;14(7):159. doi: 10.3390/membranes14070159.
Car wash wastewaters (CWWs) contain various pollutants with different contents. Hence, selecting an appropriate process for their treatment is a great challenge. Undoubtedly, the ultrafiltration (UF) process is one of the most interesting and reliable choices. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to investigate the performance of the UF membranes used for the long-term treatment of real CWWs. For this purpose, two polyethersulfone (PES) membranes with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) values equal to 10 and 100 kDa were applied. As expected, a significant decrease in the permeate flux during the UF run was observed. However, it was immediately demonstrated that the systematic cleaning of membranes (every day) with Insect agent (pH = 11.5) prevented a further decline in the process's performance. In addition, this study focused on the relative flux during the process run with breaks lasting a few days when the UF installation was filled with distilled water. The results of this research indicated that aqueous media favor microorganism adherence to the surface which leads to the formation of biofilms inside processing installations. As a consequence, many attempts have been made to restore the initial membrane performance. It has been found that the application of several chemical agents is required. More precisely, the use of an Insect solution, P3 Ultrasil 11 agent, and phosphoric acid increases the relative flux to a value of 0.8. Finally, it has been indicated that the membranes used in this work are resistant to the long-term exposure to bacteria and chemical agents. However, during the separation of CWWs for the membrane with an MWCO of 10 kDa, a lesser fouling influence and higher effectiveness of cleaning were obtained. Finally, the present study demonstrates a novel analysis and innovative implications towards applying the UF process for the CWW treatment.
洗车废水（CWWs）含有各种含量不同的污染物。因此，选择一种合适的处理工艺极具挑战性。毫无疑问，超滤（UF）工艺是最具吸引力且可靠的选择之一。因此，本研究的主要目的是考察用于长期处理实际洗车废水的超滤膜的性能。为此，应用了两种截留分子量（MWCO）值分别为10 kDa和100 kDa的聚醚砜（PES）膜。正如预期的那样，在超滤运行过程中观察到渗透通量显著下降。然而，立即证明每天用Insect剂（pH = 11.5）对膜进行系统清洗可防止该工艺性能进一步下降。此外，本研究关注在超滤装置充满蒸馏水且中断运行数天的过程中运行期间的相对通量。该研究结果表明，水性介质有利于微生物附着在表面，从而导致在处理装置内部形成生物膜。因此，人们进行了许多尝试来恢复膜的初始性能。已发现需要使用几种化学试剂。更确切地说，使用Insect溶液、P3 Ultrasil 11试剂和磷酸可将相对通量提高到0.8。最后，已表明本工作中使用的膜对长期暴露于细菌和化学试剂具有抗性。然而，在分离截留分子量为10 kDa的膜的洗车废水时，获得了较小的污染影响和更高的清洗效率。最后，本研究展示了对应用超滤工艺处理洗车废水的新颖分析和创新意义。
