College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Department of Health Professional Technologies, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54570, Pakistan.
Toxins (Basel). 2024 Jun 23;16(7):285. doi: 10.3390/toxins16070285.
and its carcinogenic secondary metabolites, aflatoxins, not only cause serious losses in the agricultural economy, but also endanger human health. Rhein, a compound extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine L. (Dahuang), exhibits good anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidative effects. However, its effect and underlying mechanisms against have not yet been fully illustrated. In this study, we characterized the inhibition effect of rhein on mycelial growth, sporulation, and aflatoxin B (AFB) biosynthesis and the potential mechanism using RNA-seq analysis. The results indicate that mycelial growth and AFB biosynthesis were significantly inhibited by 50 μM rhein, with a 43.83% reduction in colony diameter and 87.2% reduction in AFB production. The RNA-seq findings demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes primarily participated in processes such as spore formation and development, the maintenance of cell wall and membrane integrity, management of oxidative stress, the regulation of the citric acid cycle, and the biosynthesis of aflatoxin. Biochemical verification experiments further confirmed that 50 μM rhein effectively disrupted cell wall and membrane integrity and caused mitochondrial dysfunction through disrupting energy metabolism pathways, leading to decreased ATP synthesis and ROS accumulation, resulting in impaired aflatoxin biosynthesis. In addition, a pathogenicity test showed that 50 μM rhein inhibited spore growth in peanut and maize seeds by 34.1% and 90.4%, while AFB biosynthesis was inhibited by 60.52% and 99.43%, respectively. In conclusion, this research expands the knowledge regarding the antifungal activity of rhein and provides a new strategy to mitigate contamination.
并且其致癌的次级代谢产物黄曲霉毒素不仅对农业经济造成严重损失，还危及人类健康。大黄素是从中草药大黄中提取的一种化合物，具有良好的抗炎、抗肿瘤和抗氧化作用。然而，其对的作用及其潜在机制尚未完全阐明。在这项研究中，我们通过 RNA-seq 分析来表征大黄素对的抑制作用及其潜在机制。结果表明，50μM 的大黄素显著抑制了的菌丝生长、孢子形成和黄曲霉毒素 B（AFB）的生物合成，菌落直径降低了 43.83%，AFB 产量降低了 87.2%。RNA-seq 结果表明，差异表达基因主要参与孢子形成和发育、细胞壁和膜完整性的维持、氧化应激的管理、柠檬酸循环的调节以及黄曲霉毒素的生物合成等过程。生化验证实验进一步证实，50μM 的大黄素通过破坏能量代谢途径有效破坏了细胞壁和膜的完整性，并导致线粒体功能障碍，导致 ATP 合成减少和 ROS 积累，从而破坏了黄曲霉毒素的生物合成。此外，致病性试验表明，50μM 的大黄素抑制了花生和玉米种子中孢子的生长，抑制率分别为 34.1%和 90.4%，而 AFB 生物合成的抑制率分别为 60.52%和 99.43%。总之，这项研究扩展了大黄素的抗真菌活性知识，并为减轻污染提供了一种新策略。
