Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain; Freshage Research Group. Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Mol Aspects Med. 2024 Oct;99:101293. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101293. Epub 2024 Jul 25.
Cancer-associated cachexia represents a multifactorial syndrome mainly characterized by muscle mass loss, which causes both a decrease in quality of life and anti-cancer therapy failure, among other consequences. The definition and diagnostic criteria of cachexia have changed and improved over time, including three different stages (pre-cachexia, cachexia, and refractory cachexia) and objective diagnostic markers. This metabolic wasting syndrome is characterized by a negative protein balance, and anti-cancer drugs like chemotherapy or immunotherapy exacerbate it through relatively unknown mechanisms. Due to its complexity, cachexia management involves a multidisciplinary strategy including not only nutritional and pharmacological interventions. Physical exercise has been proposed as a strategy to counteract the effects of cachexia on skeletal muscle, as it influences the mechanisms involved in the disease such as protein turnover, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review will summarize the experimental and clinical evidence of the impact of physical exercise on cancer-associated cachexia.
癌症相关性恶病质是一种多因素综合征，主要表现为肌肉质量减少，这会导致生活质量下降和抗癌治疗失败等后果。恶病质的定义和诊断标准随着时间的推移而不断变化和完善，包括三个不同阶段（恶病质前期、恶病质和难治性恶病质）和客观诊断标志物。这种代谢性消耗综合征的特征是蛋白质负平衡，而化疗或免疫疗法等抗癌药物通过相对未知的机制加剧了这种情况。由于其复杂性，恶病质的管理涉及多学科策略，不仅包括营养和药物干预。已经提出了体育锻炼作为对抗恶病质对骨骼肌影响的策略，因为它会影响疾病涉及的机制，如蛋白质周转、炎症、氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍。这篇综述将总结体育锻炼对癌症相关性恶病质影响的实验和临床证据。
