Analysis of potential genes, immunological and antioxidant profiles associated with trypanosomiasis susceptibility in dromedary camels.

Trypanosomiasis is associated with tissue damage and may trigger an immunological response. These tissue lesions are linked to metabolic issues and oxidative stress. The current study aimed to investigate the immunological, antioxidant, and metabolic changes that may be connected to camel trypanosomiasis. Blood samples were collected from 54 camels and allocated into two groups: The control group (35 camels) and the infected group (19 camels). The genes TLR2, TLR5, IL-17, MARCHF3, RASGRP1, EPS15L1, PPIE, ASB16, CMPK2, LPCAT1, FPGT, GPHN, TNNI3K, DIO3, keap1, and OXSR1 were significantly up-regulated in trypanosomiasis camels. However, down-regulation was observed for the genes Nrf2, PRDX6, and NDUFS5. PCR-DNA sequencing was used to identify nucleotide sequence polymorphisms in the immune (TLR2, TLR5, IL-17, MARCHF3, RASGRP1, and EPS15L1), metabolic (PPIE, ASB16, CMPK2, LPCAT1, FPGT, GPHN, TNNI3K, and DIO3), and antioxidant (Nrf2, Keap1, PRDX6, NDUFS5, and OXSR1) genes between healthy and trypanosomiasis-affected camels. Exploring the serum profile also showed a significant (P ˂ 0.05) increase in Hp, SAA, Cp, IL-1β, IL-6, IL 10, TNF-α, and MDA, with significant (P ˂ 0.05) reduction in the serum levels of CAT, SOD, GSH, T3, and T4 in diseased camels compared with healthy ones. Our findings confirm the significance of nucleotide variations, gene expression patterns, and the biochemical profile of the investigated markers as indicators for the susceptibility of trypanosomiasis in dromedary camels and may be utilized to create management strategies.