Klingbeil E A, Schade R, Lee S H, Kirkland R, de La Serre C B
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, United States.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States.
Physiol Behav. 2024 Oct 15;285:114643. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114643. Epub 2024 Jul 25.
Chronic consumption of high fat (HF) diets has been shown to increase meal size and meal frequency in rodents, resulting in overeating. Reducing meal frequency and establishing periods of fasting, independently of caloric intake, may improve obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Additionally, diet-driven changes in microbiota composition have been shown to play a critical role in the development and maintenance of metabolic disorders. In this study, we used a pair-feeding paradigm to reduce meal frequency and snacking episodes while maintaining overall intake and body weight in HF fed rats. We hypothesized that manipulation of feeding patterns would improve microbiota composition and metabolic outcomes. Male Wistar rats were placed in three groups consuming either a HF, low fat diet (LF, matched for sugar), or pair-fed HF diet for 7 weeks (n = 11-12/group). Pair-fed animals received the same amount of food consumed by the HF fed group once daily before dark onset (HF-PF). Rats underwent oral glucose tolerance and gut peptide cholecystokinin sensitivity tests. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the feces collected during both dark and light cycles and sequenced via Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S V4 region. Our pair-feeding paradigm reduced meal numbers, especially small meals in the inactive phase, without changing total caloric intake. This shift in feeding patterns reduced relative abundances of obesity-associated bacteria and maintained circadian fluctuations in microbial abundances. These changes were associated with improved gastrointestinal (GI) function, reduced inflammation, and improved glucose tolerance and gut to brain signaling. We concluded from these data that targeting snacking may help improve metabolic outcomes, independently of energy content of the diet and hyperphagia.
长期食用高脂肪（HF）饮食已被证明会增加啮齿动物的进食量和进食频率，导致暴饮暴食。减少进食频率并建立禁食期，而不考虑热量摄入，可能会改善与肥胖相关的代谢紊乱。此外，饮食驱动的微生物群组成变化已被证明在代谢紊乱的发生和维持中起关键作用。在本研究中，我们采用配对喂养模式来减少进食频率和零食摄入次数，同时维持高脂喂养大鼠的总体摄入量和体重。我们假设改变喂养模式会改善微生物群组成和代谢结果。将雄性Wistar大鼠分为三组，分别喂食高脂饮食、低脂饮食（LF，糖含量匹配）或配对喂养的高脂饮食，持续7周（每组n = 11 - 12只）。配对喂养的动物在每天天黑前接受与高脂喂养组相同量的食物（HF - PF）。大鼠接受口服葡萄糖耐量和肠道肽胆囊收缩素敏感性测试。从明暗周期收集的粪便中提取细菌DNA，并通过对16S V4区域的Illumina MiSeq测序进行测序。我们的配对喂养模式减少了进食次数，尤其是非活动期的小餐次数，而不改变总热量摄入。这种喂养模式的转变降低了与肥胖相关细菌的相对丰度，并维持了微生物丰度的昼夜波动。这些变化与改善胃肠道（GI）功能、减轻炎症、改善葡萄糖耐量以及肠道与大脑的信号传递有关。我们从这些数据得出结论，针对零食摄入可能有助于改善代谢结果，而与饮食的能量含量和食欲亢进无关。
