Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Parkland Health, Dallas, Texas.
Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Sep 1;67(3):576-588. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000884. Epub 2024 Jul 25.
Intraamniotic inflammation and infection complicate 2% to 5% of term deliveries. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a common cause of intraamniotic infection associated with invasive neonatal disease and maternal morbidity. Universal vaginal-rectal screening for GBS colonization is recommended between 36 and 37 weeks. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for individuals with positive GBS screens and other risk factors. Intravenous penicillin is the preferred antimicrobial agent. Individuals with penicillin allergies may receive cefazolin for low-risk allergies and either clindamycin or vancomycin for high-risk allergies, depending on their antimicrobial susceptibilities. Clinical trials are underway to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of maternal anti-GBS vaccine candidates.
羊膜腔内炎症和感染使 2%至 5%的足月分娩复杂化。B 组链球菌（GBS）是一种常见的与侵袭性新生儿疾病和产妇发病率相关的羊膜腔内感染的原因。建议在 36 至 37 周之间进行普遍的阴道直肠 GBS 定植筛查。对于 GBS 筛查阳性和其他危险因素的个体，建议进行产时抗生素预防。静脉注射青霉素是首选的抗菌药物。对于青霉素过敏的个体，可根据其抗菌药物敏感性，接受头孢唑啉治疗低风险过敏，克林霉素或万古霉素治疗高风险过敏。正在进行临床试验以评估母体抗 GBS 疫苗候选物的安全性和免疫原性。
