Yan Jie, Bai Haolei, Sun Yuqing, Sun Xueqi, Hu Zhian, Liu Bing, He Chao, Zhang Xiaolong
Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Brain Sci. 2024 Jul 14;14(7):706. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14070706.
Lack of sleep has been found to be associated with cognitive impairment in children, yet the neural mechanism underlying this relationship remains poorly understood. To address this issue, this study utilized the data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study ( = 4930, aged 9-10), involving their sleep assessments, cognitive measures, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an emotional n-back task. Using partial correlations analysis, we found that the out-of-scanner cognitive performance was positively correlated with sleep duration. Additionally, the activation of regions of interest (ROIs) in frontal and parietal cortices for the 2-back versus 0-back contrast was positively correlated with both sleep duration and cognitive performance. Mediation analysis revealed that this activation significantly mediated the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive function at both individual ROI level and network level. After performing analyses separately for different sexes, it was revealed that the mediation effect of the task-related activation was present in girls ( = 2546). These findings suggest that short sleep duration may lead to deficit in cognitive function of children, particularly in girls, through the modulation of frontoparietal activation during working memory load.
研究发现，睡眠不足与儿童认知障碍有关，然而这种关系背后的神经机制仍知之甚少。为解决这一问题，本研究利用了青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究的数据（n = 4930，年龄9 - 10岁），其中包括他们的睡眠评估、认知测量以及在情绪n-back任务期间的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）。通过偏相关分析，我们发现扫描仪外的认知表现与睡眠时间呈正相关。此外，在2-back与0-back对比中，额叶和顶叶皮质感兴趣区域（ROI）的激活与睡眠时间和认知表现均呈正相关。中介分析表明，这种激活在个体ROI水平和网络水平上均显著介导了睡眠时间与认知功能之间的关系。在对不同性别分别进行分析后发现，任务相关激活的中介效应在女孩中存在（n = 2546）。这些发现表明，睡眠时间短可能通过在工作记忆负荷期间调节额顶叶激活，导致儿童尤其是女孩的认知功能缺陷。
