Khan Adnan, Liu Sufang, Tao Feng
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
Brain Sci. 2024 Jul 15;14(7):707. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14070707.
Sexual dimorphism in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and their comorbidity with migraine are important phenomena observed in clinics. TMDs are the most prevalent orofacial pain conditions with jaw joint and masseter muscle dysfunction. Migraine is the predominant headache commonly associated with TMDs. Women much more often suffer from this orofacial pain than men. However, currently, there is no gender-specific therapy for such pain conditions. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms behind sex differences in TMDs as well as their comorbidity with migraines is essential for developing novel approaches for gender-specific treatment of TMDs and related orofacial pain comorbidity. In this review, we summarize recent research progress regarding sex differences in TMDs, focusing on the underlying mechanisms including craniofacial anatomy, hormonal regulation, and roles of opioids, transient receptor potential channels, and endocannabinoid systems. We also discuss the mechanisms of comorbid TMDs and migraine. The information covered in this review will provide mechanistic insights into sex differences in TMDs and their comorbidity with migraine, which could aid in developing effective treatment strategies for the overlapping orofacial pain condition.
颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMDs）中的性别差异及其与偏头痛的共病现象是临床上观察到的重要现象。TMDs是最常见的颌面部疼痛疾病，伴有颞下颌关节和咬肌功能障碍。偏头痛是与TMDs相关的主要头痛类型。女性比男性更容易患这种颌面部疼痛。然而，目前对于此类疼痛病症尚无针对性别的治疗方法。了解TMDs性别差异背后的病理生理机制及其与偏头痛的共病机制，对于开发针对TMDs及相关颌面部疼痛共病的性别特异性治疗新方法至关重要。在本综述中，我们总结了关于TMDs性别差异的最新研究进展，重点关注其潜在机制，包括颅面解剖结构、激素调节以及阿片类物质、瞬时受体电位通道和内源性大麻素系统的作用。我们还讨论了TMDs与偏头痛共病的机制。本综述涵盖的信息将为TMDs的性别差异及其与偏头痛的共病提供机制性见解，这有助于开发针对重叠性颌面部疼痛病症的有效治疗策略。
