Amza Mihaela, Haj Hamoud Bashar, Sima Romina-Marina, Dinu Mihai-Daniel, Gorecki Gabriel-Petre, Popescu Mihai, Gică Nicolae, Poenaru Mircea-Octavian, Pleș Liana
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
"Bucur" Maternity, Saint John Hospital, 012361 Bucharest, Romania.
Biomedicines. 2024 Jul 3;12(7):1471. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12071471.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are essential fatty acids for the human body. Seafood and microalgae are the most important sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Supplementation with 200 mg/day of DHA during pregnancy and breastfeeding has been suggested for women and infants in countries with low seafood consumption. Maternal concentration of DHA and EPA was associated with concentration in cord blood and breast milk. High concentrations of DHA and EPA were identified at the level of retinal photoreceptors and neuronal cell membranes. It was observed that supplementation with DHA and EPA during pregnancy had beneficial effects on the neurological development of the fetus and infant by improving language, memory, attention, and hand coordination, affecting sleep patterns, and improving visual acuity. Beneficial effects on the development of the infant were also associated with the maternal intake of omega-3 fatty acids during breastfeeding. Supplementation with DHA and EPA may reduce the risk of preterm birth but also of preeclampsia in low-risk pregnancies. Women of childbearing age should have an intake of 250 mg/day of DHA + EPA from their diet or supplements. To reduce the risk of premature birth, pregnant women must additionally receive at least 100-200 mg of DHA every day. It is recommended that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids starts before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Beneficial effects on the mother have been identified, such as the reduction of postpartum depression symptoms, the decrease of cardiovascular risk, and the anti-inflammatory role.
二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA）是人体必需的脂肪酸。海鲜和微藻是ω-3脂肪酸的最重要来源。对于海鲜消费量低的国家的妇女和婴儿，建议在怀孕和哺乳期间每天补充200毫克DHA。母体中DHA和EPA的浓度与脐带血和母乳中的浓度相关。在视网膜光感受器和神经元细胞膜水平发现了高浓度的DHA和EPA。据观察，怀孕期间补充DHA和EPA对胎儿和婴儿的神经发育有有益影响，可改善语言、记忆、注意力和手部协调性，影响睡眠模式，并提高视力。对婴儿发育的有益影响也与母乳喂养期间母体摄入ω-3脂肪酸有关。补充DHA和EPA可能会降低早产风险，但也会降低低风险妊娠中先兆子痫的风险。育龄妇女应通过饮食或补充剂每天摄入250毫克DHA+EPA。为降低早产风险，孕妇每天还必须额外摄入至少100-200毫克DHA。建议在怀孕20周前开始补充ω-3脂肪酸。已发现对母亲有有益影响，如减轻产后抑郁症状、降低心血管风险以及抗炎作用。
