Zbair Mohamed, Limousy Lionel, Drané Méghane, Richard Charlotte, Juge Marine, Aemig Quentin, Trably Eric, Escudié Renaud, Peyrelasse Christine, Bennici Simona
Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100 Mulhouse, France.
Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Jul 16;17(14):3527. doi: 10.3390/ma17143527.
The growing energy consumption and the need for a circular economy have driven considerable interest in the anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic waste, offering potential solutions through biogas and digestate production. AD processes not only have the capability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also contribute to the production of renewable methane. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate prior research on AD involving different feedstocks. The principles of AD are explored and discussed, including both chemical and biological pathways and the microorganisms involved at each stage. Additionally, key variables influencing system performance, such as temperature, pH, and C/N ratio are also discussed. Various pretreatment strategies applied to enhance biogas generation from organic waste in AD are also reviewed. Furthermore, this review examines the conversion of generated digestate into biochar through pyrolysis and its utilization to improve AD performance. The addition of biochar has demonstrated its efficacy in enhancing metabolic processes, microorganisms (activity and community), and buffering capacity, facilitating Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer (DIET), and boosting CH production. Biochar also exhibits the ability to capture undesirable components, including CO, HS, NH, and siloxanes. The integration of digestate-derived biochar into the circular economy framework emerges as a vital role in closing the material flow loop. Additionally, the review discusses the environmental benefits derived from coupling AD with pyrolysis processes, drawing on life cycle assessment investigations. Techno-economic assessment (TEA) studies of the integrated processes are also discussed, with an acknowledgment of the need for further TEA to validate the viability of integrating the biochar industry. Furthermore, this survey examines the techno-economic and environmental impacts of biochar production itself and its potential application in AD for biogas generation, aiming to establish a more cost-effective and sustainable integrated system.
不断增长的能源消耗以及对循环经济的需求，引发了人们对有机废物厌氧消化（AD）的浓厚兴趣，通过沼气和沼渣生产提供了潜在的解决方案。厌氧消化过程不仅有能力减少温室气体排放，还有助于可再生甲烷的生产。这篇综述旨在整合先前关于涉及不同原料的厌氧消化的研究。探讨并讨论了厌氧消化的原理，包括化学和生物途径以及每个阶段涉及的微生物。此外，还讨论了影响系统性能的关键变量，如温度、pH值和碳氮比。还综述了用于提高厌氧消化中有机废物沼气产量的各种预处理策略。此外，本综述研究了通过热解将产生的沼渣转化为生物炭及其用于改善厌氧消化性能的情况。添加生物炭已证明其在增强代谢过程、微生物（活性和群落）以及缓冲能力、促进种间直接电子转移（DIET）和提高甲烷产量方面的功效。生物炭还具有捕获不良成分的能力，包括一氧化碳、硫化氢、氨气和硅氧烷。将沼渣衍生的生物炭纳入循环经济框架在闭合物质流循环中发挥着至关重要的作用。此外，该综述借鉴生命周期评估研究，讨论了将厌氧消化与热解过程相结合所带来的环境效益。还讨论了综合过程的技术经济评估（TEA）研究，并认识到需要进一步的TEA来验证生物炭产业整合的可行性。此外，本次调查研究了生物炭生产本身的技术经济和环境影响及其在厌氧消化中用于沼气生产的潜在应用，旨在建立一个更具成本效益和可持续性的综合系统。
