Student Motivation Analysis Based on Raising-Hand Videos.

In current smart classroom research, numerous studies focus on recognizing hand-raising, but few analyze the movements to interpret students' intentions. This limitation hinders teachers from utilizing this information to enhance the effectiveness of smart classroom teaching. Assistive teaching methods, including robotic and artificial intelligence teaching, require smart classroom systems to both recognize and thoroughly analyze hand-raising movements. This detailed analysis enables systems to provide targeted guidance based on students' hand-raising behavior. This study proposes a morphology-based analysis method to innovatively convert students' skeleton key point data into several one-dimensional time series. By analyzing these time series, this method offers a more detailed analysis of student hand-raising behavior, addressing the limitations of deep learning methods that cannot compare classroom hand-raising enthusiasm or establish a detailed database of such behavior. This method primarily utilizes a neural network to obtain students' skeleton estimation results, which are then converted into time series of several variables using the morphology-based analysis method. The YOLOX and HrNet models were employed to obtain the skeleton estimation results; YOLOX is an object detection model, while HrNet is a skeleton estimation model. This method successfully recognizes hand-raising actions and provides a detailed analysis of their speed and amplitude, effectively supplementing the coarse recognition capabilities of neural networks. The effectiveness of this method has been validated through experiments.