School of Geographical Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China; Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.
School of Geographical Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China; Mangrove Institute, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Sep 15;283:116788. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116788. Epub 2024 Jul 26.
Mangrove forests are sources and sinks for various pollutants. This study analyzed the current status of heavy metal and arsenic (As) pollution in mangrove surface sediments in rapidly industrializing and urbanizing port cities. Surface sediments of mangroves at Wulishan Port on the Leizhou Peninsula, China, were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the presence of Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cu, As, and Hg. The Pollution load index, Nemerow pollution index, and Potential ecological risk index were employed to evaluate the pollutant. Multivariate statistical methods were applied for the qualitative analysis of pollutant sources, and the APCS-MLR receptor model was used for quantification. This study indicated the following results: (1) The average content of eight pollutants surpassed the local background level but did not exceed the Marine Sediment Quality standard. The pollution levels across the four sampling areas were ranked as Ⅲ > Ⅳ > Ⅰ > Ⅱ. The area Ⅱ exhibited relatively lower pollution levels with the grain size of the sediments dominated by sand, which was not conducive to pollutant adsorption and enrichment. (2) The factor analysis and cluster analyses identified three primary sources of contamination. As, Cr, Ni, and Pb originated from nearby industrial activities and their associated wastewater, suggesting that the primary source was the industrial source. Cd, Cu, and Zn stem from the cement columns utilized in oyster farming, alongside discharges from mariculture and pig farming, establishing a secondary agricultural source. Hg originated from ship exhaust burning oil and vehicle emissions in the vicinity, representing the third traffic source. (3) The APCS-MLR receptor model results demonstrated industrial, agricultural, and traffic sources contributing 47.19 %, 33.13 %, and 13.03 %, respectively, with 6.65 % attributed to unidentified sources.
红树林是各种污染物的源和汇。本研究分析了中国雷洲半岛乌石港快速工业化和城市化港口城市中红树林表层沉积物中重金属和砷（As）的污染现状。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-AES）和电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）分析了乌石港红树林的表层沉积物，以检测 Cr、Pb、Ni、Zn、Cd、Cu、As 和 Hg 的存在。采用污染负荷指数（PLI）、内梅罗污染指数（Nemerow pollution index）和潜在生态风险指数（Potential ecological risk index）对污染物进行评价。应用多元统计方法对污染源进行定性分析，并采用 APCS-MLR 受体模型进行定量分析。研究结果表明：（1）8 种污染物的平均含量超过了当地背景水平，但未超过《海洋沉积物质量标准》。四个采样区的污染水平依次为Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ。Ⅱ区污染水平相对较低，沉积物的粒径主要为砂，不利于污染物的吸附和富集。（2）因子分析和聚类分析确定了三个主要的污染源。As、Cr、Ni 和 Pb 来源于附近的工业活动及其相关废水，表明主要污染源是工业源。Cd、Cu 和 Zn 来源于牡蛎养殖中使用的水泥柱，以及海水养殖和养猪业的排放，这构成了次要的农业源。Hg 来源于附近船舶废气燃烧油和车辆排放，代表了第三个交通源。（3）APCS-MLR 受体模型的结果表明，工业、农业和交通源分别贡献了 47.19%、33.13%和 13.03%，其余 6.65%归因于未知来源。
