Dimitriadou Stavroula, Kokkinos Petros A, Kyzas George Z, Kalavrouziotis Ioannis K
Laboratory of Sustainable Waste Management Technologies, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Building D, 1(st) Floor, Parodos Aristotelous 18, 26335, Patras, Greece.
Hephaestus Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala, Greece.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 1;949:174966. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174966. Epub 2024 Jul 26.
In the ongoing Anthropocene era, air quality monitoring constitutes a primary axis of European and international policies for all sectors, including Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs). Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) with proper sensing equipment provide an edge technology for air quality and odor monitoring. In addition, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry has been used in civil engineering, environmental (water) quality assessment and lately for industrial facilities monitoring. This study constitutes a systematic review of the late advances and limitations of germane equipment and implementations. Despite their unassailable flexibility and efficiency, the employment of the aforementioned technologies in WWTP remote monitoring is yet sparse, partial, and concerns only particular aspects. The main finding of the review was the lack of a tailored UAS for WWTP monitoring in the literature. Therefore, to fill in this gap, we propose a fit-for-purpose remote monitoring system consisting of a UAS with a platform that would integrate all the required sensors for air quality (i.e., emissions of HS, NH, NOx, SO, CH, CO, CO, VOCs, and PM) and odor monitoring, multispectral and thermal cameras for photogrammetric structural health monitoring (SHM) and wastewater/effluent properties (e.g., color, temperature, etc.) of a WWTP. It constitutes a novel, supreme and integrated approach to improve the sustainable management of WWTPs. Specifically, the developments that a fit-for-purpose WWTP UAS would launch, are fostering the decision-making of managers, administrations, and policymakers, both in operational conditions and in case of failures, accidents or natural disasters. Furthermore, it would significantly reduce the operational expenditure of a WWTP, ensuring personnel and population health standards, and local area sustainability.
在当前的人类世时代，空气质量监测是欧洲及国际针对包括污水处理厂（WWTPs）在内的所有部门的政策的一个主要核心。配备适当传感设备的无人机系统（UASs）为空气质量和气味监测提供了一种前沿技术。此外，无人机（UAV）摄影测量已应用于土木工程、环境（水）质量评估，最近还用于工业设施监测。本研究对相关设备及应用的最新进展和局限性进行了系统综述。尽管上述技术具有无可争议的灵活性和效率，但在污水处理厂远程监测中的应用仍然稀少、不全面，且仅涉及特定方面。综述的主要发现是文献中缺乏专门用于污水处理厂监测的无人机。因此，为填补这一空白，我们提出了一个适用的远程监测系统，该系统由一架无人机及其搭载的平台组成，该平台将集成所有用于空气质量（即硫化氢、氨气、氮氧化物、二氧化硫、甲烷、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、挥发性有机化合物和颗粒物排放）和气味监测所需的传感器，以及用于摄影测量结构健康监测（SHM）和污水处理厂废水/出水特性（如颜色、温度等）的多光谱和热成像相机。它构成了一种新颖、卓越且综合的方法来改善污水处理厂的可持续管理。具体而言，一个适用的污水处理厂无人机将带来的进展，正在促进管理人员、行政部门和政策制定者在运营条件下以及在发生故障、事故或自然灾害时的决策。此外，它将显著降低污水处理厂的运营成本，确保人员和公众健康标准以及当地的可持续性。
