Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosciences, School of Dentistry, Section of Prosthodontics and Digital Dentistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Full Professor, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and Head, Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
J Prosthet Dent. 2024 Oct;132(4):839.e1-839.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.07.003. Epub 2024 Jul 27.
Additive manufacturing (AM) technology is emerging as an innovative approach in the dental field. In recent years, manufacturers have introduced 3-dimensionally printed composite resins (3D-CRs) that are specifically designed for the AM of definitive prostheses; however, the mechanical and surface properties of these materials require investigation.
The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the mechanical and surface properties of 2 commercially available 3D-CRs for definitive restoration after artificial aging.
Saremco print Crowntec; Saremco Dental AG and Varseo Smile Crown Plus; Bego GmbH were printed with a layer thickness of 50 µm at a 90-degree angle. A total of 20 bar-shaped specimens (25×2×2 mm) were produced from each material to measure the flexural strength (σf) and elastic modulus (E) using a 3-point bend test, and 5 disk-shaped specimens (Ø15×3 mm) from each material were used to measure the surface microhardness using a microhardness test. Half of the specimens were tested under dry conditions, while the other half were immersed in distilled water for 30 days. Five disk-shaped specimens (Ø15×3 mm) from each material were used to evaluate surface roughness before and after undergoing toothbrushing simulations. Additionally, 5 disk-shaped specimens (Ø15×1 mm) were used to assess water sorption (w) and solubility (w) over 28 days. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test (1-tailed) with 90% power (α=.05).
The mean ±standard deviation flexural strength values were 123.4 ±8.7 MPa for Saremco print Crowntec and 109.9 ±15.8 MPa for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. After aging, these values were 97.5 ±15.2 MPa for Saremco print Crowntec and 94.2 ±11.7 MPa for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. The mean Vickers hardness values were 33.2 ±0.8 N/mm for Saremco print Crowntec and 31.5 ±0.6 N/mm for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. After aging, the mean values were 31.7 ±0.9 N/mm for Saremco print Crowntec and 29.6 ±1.0 N/mm for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. The mean modulus of elasticity was 4.2 ±0.3 GPa for Saremco print Crowntec and 3.82 ±0.2 GPa for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. After 21 days, the mean sorption values were 11.52 ±0.6 mg/mm for Saremco print Crowntec and 12.43 ±0.4 mg/mm for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. After 28 days, the mean solubility values were 1.36 ±0.4 mg/mm for Saremco print Crowntec and 0.98 ±0.3 mg/mm for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. Significant differences were found between the 2 3D-CRs in flexural strength in the dry state (P=.03), in Young modulus after 30 days of water immersion (P=.023), and in Vickers hardness in the dry state (P=.01) and after 30 days of water immersion (P=.018).
Both 3D-CRs provided good in vitro performance and the mechanical properties required for long-term clinical application. Artificial aging decreased the flexural strength of both 3D-CRs.
增材制造（AM）技术作为一种创新方法在牙科领域崭露头角。近年来，制造商推出了专为最终修复体 AM 设计的 3D 打印复合树脂（3D-CRs）；然而，这些材料的机械和表面性能需要进行研究。
本体外研究的目的是评估和比较两种市售 3D-CRs 在人工老化后的最终修复体的机械和表面性能。
Saremco print Crowntec；Saremco Dental AG 和 Varseo Smile Crown Plus；Bego GmbH 以 90 度角打印层厚为 50 µm。从每种材料中制作 20 个条形试件（25×2×2 mm），使用三点弯曲试验测量弯曲强度（σf）和弹性模量（E），从每种材料中制作 5 个圆盘试件（Ø15×3 mm），使用显微硬度试验测量表面显微硬度。一半的试件在干燥条件下进行测试，另一半试件在蒸馏水中浸泡 30 天。从每种材料中使用 5 个圆盘试件（Ø15×3 mm）评估经过刷牙模拟前后的表面粗糙度。此外，从每种材料中使用 5 个圆盘试件（Ø15×1 mm）评估 28 天内的吸水率（w）和溶解度（w）。使用 Wilcoxon 配对符号秩检验（1 尾）进行统计分析，具有 90%的功效（α=.05）。
Saremco print Crowntec 的平均±标准偏差弯曲强度值为 123.4±8.7 MPa，Varseo Smile Crown Plus 的平均±标准偏差弯曲强度值为 109.9±15.8 MPa。老化后，Saremco print Crowntec 的平均±标准偏差值为 97.5±15.2 MPa，Varseo Smile Crown Plus 的平均±标准偏差值为 94.2±11.7 MPa。Saremco print Crowntec 的平均维氏硬度值为 33.2±0.8 N/mm，Varseo Smile Crown Plus 的平均维氏硬度值为 31.5±0.6 N/mm。老化后，Saremco print Crowntec 的平均维氏硬度值为 31.7±0.9 N/mm，Varseo Smile Crown Plus 的平均维氏硬度值为 29.6±1.0 N/mm。Saremco print Crowntec 的平均弹性模量为 4.2±0.3 GPa，Varseo Smile Crown Plus 的平均弹性模量为 3.82±0.2 GPa。第 21 天，Saremco print Crowntec 的平均吸水率为 11.52±0.6 mg/mm，Varseo Smile Crown Plus 的平均吸水率为 12.43±0.4 mg/mm。第 28 天，Saremco print Crowntec 的平均溶解度值为 1.36±0.4 mg/mm，Varseo Smile Crown Plus 的平均溶解度值为 0.98±0.3 mg/mm。在干燥状态下的弯曲强度（P=.03）、30 天水浸后的杨氏模量（P=.023）和干燥状态下的维氏硬度（P=.01）和 30 天后的水浸硬度（P=.018），两种 3D-CRs 之间存在显著差异。
两种 3D-CRs 均提供了良好的体外性能和长期临床应用所需的机械性能。人工老化降低了两种 3D-CRs 的弯曲强度。
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