Liu M
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi. 2023 Nov 28;53(6):344-354. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20230105-00002.
During the late Qing Dynasty, Tianjin Customs gradually established the seaport quarantine system to prevent the spread of epidemics from Japan, Hong Kong, and the Northeast. The major infectious diseases inspected by the quarantine institution of Tianjin Port include cholera, plague, smallpox, typhus and yellow fever, of which cholera is the most frequent and influential infectious disease in modern Tianjin, followed by plague and smallpox, and no large-scale epidemics of typhus and yellow fever have been found.In the process of preventing the spreading of foreign infectious diseases, the quarantine institution of Tianjin Port has gradually developing. A set of business system has been established, which is based on ship inspection and takes preventive injection, rat flea research and disease diagnosis and treatment as the core.In conclusion,the seaport quarantine institutions in Tianjin played an active role in the prevention, detection, and response to major infectious diseases ,opened up a precedent for Chinese people to independently handle border health quarantine.Its historical practice and quarantine mode are a window for understanding the development history of quarantine infectious diseases in modern China, which has very important reference value.
晚清时期，天津海关逐步建立海港检疫制度，以防日本、香港及东北地区的疫病传入。天津港检疫机构检查的主要传染病包括霍乱、鼠疫、天花、斑疹伤寒和黄热病，其中霍乱是近代天津最为频发且影响最大的传染病，其次是鼠疫和天花，未发现斑疹伤寒和黄热病大规模流行。在防范外来传染病传播的过程中，天津港检疫机构不断发展。已建立起一套以船舶查验为基础，以预防接种、鼠蚤研究及疾病诊治为核心的业务体系。总之，天津海港检疫机构在重大传染病的预防、检测及应对方面发挥了积极作用，开创了中国人自主办理国境卫生检疫的先河。其历史实践和检疫模式是了解中国近代检疫传染病发展史的一个窗口，具有十分重要的参考价值。
