Insititute of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Faculty of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan.
Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2024 Oct;60(5):750-760. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.24.08446-6. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
Meta-learning is a metacognitive function for successful, efficient learning in various tasks. While it is possible that meta-learning is linked to functional recovery in stroke, it has not been investigated in previous clinical research on metacognition.
Examine if individual meta-learning ability is associated with functional outcomes.
Cohort study.
Rehabilitation ward in Fujita Health University Hospital.
Twenty-nine hemiparetic people after stroke.
The study measured individual sensorimotor adaptation rate, meta-learning (acceleration of adaptation through training), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor effectiveness, an index of functional outcome measuring improvement in proficiency of activity of daily living (ADL). Participants performed visuomotor adaptation training sessions with their less-affected arm. They made arm-reaching movements to hit a target with cursor feedback, which was occasionally rotated with regard to their hand positions, requiring them to change the movement direction accordingly. Initial adaptation rate and meta-learning were quantified from pre- and post-training tests. The relationship between these indices of adaptation ability and FIM motor effectiveness was examined by multiple linear regression analyses.
One participant was excluded before data collection in the motor task. In the remaining 28 individuals, the regression analyses revealed that FIM motor effectiveness positively correlated with meta-learning (µ=0.90, P=0.008), which was attenuated by age (µ=-0.015, P=0.005), but not with initial adaptation rate (P=0.08). Control analyses suggested that this observed association between FIM motor effectiveness and meta-learning was not mediated by patients' demographics or stroke characteristics.
This study demonstrates that those who can accelerate adaptation through training are likely to improve ADL, suggesting that meta-learning may be linked with functional outcomes in some stroke individuals. Meta-learning may enable the brain to keep (re-)learning motor skills when motor functions change abruptly due to stroke and neural recovery, thereby associated with improvement in ADL.
Meta-learning is part of metacognitive functions that is positively associated with functional outcomes.
元学习是一种在各种任务中成功、高效学习的元认知功能。虽然元学习可能与中风后的功能恢复有关，但在以前关于元认知的临床研究中并未进行过研究。
研究个体元学习能力是否与功能结果相关。
队列研究。
藤田保健卫生大学医院康复病房。
29 名中风后偏瘫患者。
研究测量了个体感觉运动适应率、元学习（通过训练加速适应）和功能独立性测量（FIM）运动效果，这是一个功能结果指标，用于衡量日常生活活动（ADL）熟练程度的提高。参与者使用非优势手臂进行视动适应训练。他们进行手臂伸展运动，用光标反馈击中目标，光标位置偶尔会根据手的位置旋转，要求他们相应地改变运动方向。从训练前后的测试中量化了初始适应率和元学习。通过多元线性回归分析，考察了这些适应能力指标与 FIM 运动效果之间的关系。
在进行运动任务的数据收集之前，有 1 名参与者被排除在外。在其余的 28 名个体中，回归分析显示，FIM 运动效果与元学习呈正相关（µ=0.90，P=0.008），但这一相关性被年龄减弱（µ=-0.015，P=0.005），而与初始适应率无关（P=0.08）。控制分析表明，FIM 运动效果与元学习之间的这种观察到的关联不受患者人口统计学或中风特征的影响。
本研究表明，那些能够通过训练加速适应的人可能会改善 ADL，这表明元学习可能与某些中风患者的功能结果有关。元学习可以使大脑在由于中风和神经恢复导致运动功能突然变化时保持（重新）学习运动技能，从而与 ADL 的改善相关。
元学习是元认知功能的一部分，与功能结果呈正相关。
