Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Cinvestav Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Museo de Zoología 'Alfonso L. Herrera', Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México.
PLoS One. 2024 Jul 29;19(7):e0307933. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307933. eCollection 2024.
Gelatinous zooplankton constitutes a polyphyletic group with a convergent evolutionary history and poorly known biogeographical patterns. In the Gulf of Mexico, a region with complex geological, hydrological, and biotic histories, the study of this group has been limited to taxonomical and ecological aspects. In this study, we implemented a track analysis to identify distributional patterns of gelatinous zooplankton in the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent waters based on a dataset of 6067 occurrence records corresponding to Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Ctenophora, Chaetognatha, Thaliacea, and Appendicularia. Information was compiled from the Global Biodiversity Facility Information (GBIF) and Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) databases and peer-reviewed literature. Individual tracks were constructed by joining the minimum distance between the occurrence localities of each taxon using a minimum spanning tree algorithm. We identified generalized tracks using parsimony analysis of endemicity with progressive character elimination (PAE-PCE). The areas where different generalized tracks overlapped were considered to represent panbiogeographical nodes. Seven generalized tracks (two with nested patterns) and six panbiogeographical nodes were recognized, mainly in neritic zones. The distributional patterns of gelatinous zooplankton allowed us to identify four biogeographic areas, supporting previously proposed biogeographic schemes. Gelatinous zooplankton in the Gulf of Mexico showed a convergent spatial distribution that can be explained by vicariant and dispersal events. The historical biogeography of the gelatinous biotas of the Gulf of Mexico has been little studied compared to ecological approaches, and the lack of integrative studies considering historical patterns is evident. This type of research is fundamental to understanding the evolutionary history of natural resources from a spatial perspective, identifying sites of biodiversity and endemism, and establishing a biogeographic baseline of the region for further studies.
凝胶状浮游动物构成了一个具有趋同进化历史和鲜为人知的生物地理模式的多系群。在墨西哥湾，这个地区具有复杂的地质、水文和生物历史，对这个群体的研究仅限于分类学和生态学方面。在这项研究中，我们实施了轨迹分析，根据 Hydrozoa、Scyphozoa、Cubozoa、Ctenophora、Chaetognatha、Thaliacea 和 Appendicularia 对应的 6067 个出现记录数据集，确定了墨西哥湾及其邻近水域凝胶状浮游动物的分布模式。信息是从全球生物多样性设施信息（GBIF）和海洋生物多样性信息系统（OBIS）数据库以及同行评议文献中编译的。使用最小生成树算法连接每个分类单元出现地点之间的最小距离来构建个体轨迹。我们使用特有性简约分析（PAE-PCE）识别广义轨迹。不同广义轨迹重叠的区域被认为代表泛生物地理节点。识别出七个广义轨迹（两个具有嵌套模式）和六个泛生物地理节点，主要在近岸带。凝胶状浮游动物的分布模式使我们能够识别四个生物地理区域，支持先前提出的生物地理方案。与生态方法相比，墨西哥湾凝胶状浮游动物的生物地理分布具有趋同的空间分布，这可以用隔离和扩散事件来解释。与生态方法相比，与历史模式相关的研究很少，明显缺乏综合研究。从空间角度了解自然资源的进化历史、确定生物多样性和特有性的地点以及为进一步研究建立该地区的生物地理基准，这种类型的研究是至关重要的。
