Puisto Reetta, Gómez-Gallego Carlos, Collado Maria Carmen, Turta Olli, Isolauri Erika, Rautava Samuli
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Neonatology. 2025;122(1):84-94. doi: 10.1159/000540075. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
Probiotics have shown potential in reducing the occurrence of atopic eczema in high-risk infants. We aimed here to assess whether the preventive effect of maternal probiotic administration stems from compositional changes in early gut microbiota.
This study included 46 mother-infant pairs from an original randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of maternal probiotic intervention with either the combinations of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LPR and Bifidobacterium longum BL999, or Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ST11 and Bifidobacterium longum BL999, or placebo beginning 2 months before expected delivery and ending 2 months after birth. All children were vaginally delivered, full term and breastfed. During the 2-year follow-up period, the children were clinically evaluated by physicians for atopic eczema, and their gut microbiota was profiled at 1 and 6 months of age by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using an Illumina sequencing platform.
Altogether, 19 of 46 children developed atopic eczema by the age of 2 years. At 1 and 6 months of age, gut microbial diversity was similar between children who developed atopic eczema and their healthy controls, but at the age of 6 months, children who developed atopic eczema manifested with significantly higher relative abundance of Clostridia. Probiotic intervention did not significantly influence microbial diversity, and the effects on microbial composition were not consistent with the changes associated with the development of atopic eczema.
The reduction of the risk of atopic eczema achieved by perinatal maternal probiotic intervention does not seem to require substantial gut microbiota modulation.
益生菌已显示出降低高危婴儿患特应性皮炎发生率的潜力。我们在此旨在评估母体服用益生菌的预防效果是否源于早期肠道微生物群的组成变化。
本研究纳入了46对母婴，这些母婴来自一项原始随机对照试验，该试验评估了从预期分娩前2个月开始至出生后2个月结束，母体服用鼠李糖乳杆菌LPR和长双歧杆菌BL999组合、副干酪乳杆菌ST11和长双歧杆菌BL999组合或安慰剂的益生菌干预效果。所有儿童均为顺产、足月且母乳喂养。在2年的随访期内，医生对儿童进行特应性皮炎的临床评估，并在1个月和6个月大时使用Illumina测序平台通过16S rRNA基因测序对其肠道微生物群进行分析。
在46名儿童中，共有19名在2岁前患上特应性皮炎。在1个月和6个月大时，患特应性皮炎的儿童与其健康对照的肠道微生物多样性相似，但在6个月大时，患特应性皮炎的儿童梭菌的相对丰度显著更高。益生菌干预并未显著影响微生物多样性，且对微生物组成的影响与特应性皮炎发展相关的变化不一致。
围产期母体益生菌干预实现的特应性皮炎风险降低似乎并不需要大量调节肠道微生物群。
