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论神经病学、精神病学和人类学的共同起源。

On the common of descent of neurology, psychiatry and anthropology.

机构信息

Western University of Health Sciences, USA.

出版信息

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2024 Nov;166:105827. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105827. Epub 2024 Jul 27.

Abstract

It is little appreciated not only how closely linked are the disciplines of neurology, psychiatry, and anthropology but even more so the degree to which they share a "common ancestry". This paper briefly reviews the definition and historical origins of each area of study to then begin to illustrate how their "genealogies" overlap. This illustration is by way of a sampling of the many key figures who contributed to the rise of not just neurology, psychiatry or anthropology but of all three disciplines. That is, a selective review is undertaken of paragons whose careers bridged medicine, neuropsychiatry, and anthropology. A sampling from among the dozens who have made major contributions to spanning these disciplines illuminates the significant extent of their co-mingled intellectual ancestry. This series is akin to a data table of necessarily concise biographical vignettes - past scholars with some or full medical training who also advanced both anthropology and neuropsychiatry as these disciplines grew into intellectual maturity. Each is, in a sense, a data point that bolsters the overarching thesis that the intellectual history of these disciplines have shared ancestry. Thus, even this preliminary and topical survey of a few past "exemplars" underscores the importance of this unique intellectual siblingship. Moreover, there is now a profusion of living scholars who add fulsomely to what might be deemed this 'trilateral marriage' of anthropology, psychiatry, and neurology. A compilation of more contemporary contributors is well worthy of a future review that expands from this first consideration. This initial work is meant to engender more robust scholarship that better elucidates and, thereby, enriches and enlivens further work while also uncovering new avenues of deeper insight, notably as to the "conceptual and heuristic progression" of evolutionary neurosciences with respect to the normative and pathologic.

摘要

不仅神经科学、精神病学和人类学之间的联系非常紧密,而且它们在很大程度上共享“共同的祖先”,这一点也没有得到充分的认识。本文简要回顾了每个研究领域的定义和历史起源,然后开始说明它们的“谱系”是如何重叠的。这一说明是通过对许多为神经科学、精神病学或人类学的兴起做出贡献的关键人物的抽样来进行的。也就是说,对跨越医学、神经精神病学和人类学的典范人物进行了选择性回顾。从为跨越这些学科做出重大贡献的数十人当中进行抽样,阐明了他们共同的知识渊源的显著程度。这一系列类似于一个必然简洁的传记小品的数据集——过去的学者有一些或全部医学培训,他们也在这些学科发展到知识成熟的过程中推进了人类学和神经精神病学。从某种意义上说,每个人都是一个数据点,支持了这些学科的知识史具有共同祖先的总体论点。因此,即使是对过去“典范”的这一初步和专题调查,也强调了这种独特的知识亲缘关系的重要性。此外,现在有大量的在世学者为人类学、精神病学和神经科学的“三边联姻”增添了丰富的内容。更当代的贡献者的汇编非常值得未来的审查,该审查将从这一初步考虑扩展而来。这项初步工作旨在产生更有力的学术研究,更好地阐明并由此丰富和活跃进一步的工作,同时也为更深入的见解开辟新的途径,特别是在进化神经科学的“概念和启发式进展”方面,以及正常和病理方面。

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