Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2024 Aug;28(4):477-489. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1779247. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
The pediatric ankle can present a broad range of normal variation and pathology unique to certain stages of development. Understanding the expected age ranges of ossification and fusion about the ankle is essential to provide accurate diagnoses regarding skeletal integrity. This conclusion has been well characterized radiographically and is supported by cadaveric research.The range of appearances on magnetic resonance imaging has also been well described. Knowledge about the structure of the periosteum and perichondrium aids in image interpretation as well as explaining typical injury patterns. The expected appearance of the physis and regional bone marrow signal is also of utmost importance.Ultrasonography is a valuable tool in pediatric musculoskeletal imaging but is limited when there is concern for intra-articular pathology. Computed tomography tends to be reserved for preoperative evaluation. We describe normal variation and maturation-dependent pathology of the pediatric ankle with an emphasis on imaging considerations.
小儿踝关节可能存在广泛的正常变异和特定发育阶段特有的病变。了解踝关节骨化和融合的预期年龄范围对于提供关于骨骼完整性的准确诊断至关重要。这一结论已经在影像学上得到了很好的描述，并得到了尸体研究的支持。磁共振成像上的表现范围也得到了很好的描述。了解骨膜和软骨膜的结构有助于图像解释，并解释典型的损伤模式。骺板和区域性骨髓信号的预期表现也非常重要。超声检查是小儿肌肉骨骼成像的一种有价值的工具，但当涉及关节内病变时，其作用有限。计算机断层扫描通常保留用于术前评估。我们描述了小儿踝关节的正常变异和成熟依赖性病变，并重点介绍了影像学考虑因素。
