Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2024 Aug;28(4):490-504. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1779246. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
Pediatric foot development throughout childhood and adolescence can present a diagnostic dilemma for radiologists because imaging appearances may be confused with pathology. Understanding pediatric foot development and anatomical variants, such as accessory ossification centers, is essential to interpret musculoskeletal imaging in children correctly, particularly because many of these variants are incidental but others can be symptomatic. We first briefly review foot embryology. After describing common accessory ossification centers of the foot, we explain the different patterns of foot maturation with attention to irregular ossification and bone marrow development. Common pediatric foot variants and pathology are described, such as tarsal coalitions and fifth metatarsal base fractures. We also discuss pediatric foot alignment and various childhood foot alignment deformities.
儿童期和青春期的足部发育可能会给放射科医生带来诊断上的困惑，因为影像学表现可能与病理学混淆。了解儿童足部发育和解剖变异，如副骨化中心，对于正确解读儿童肌肉骨骼影像学至关重要，特别是因为许多这些变异是偶然的，但有些可能是有症状的。我们首先简要回顾足部胚胎学。在描述足部常见的副骨化中心后，我们解释了不同的足部成熟模式，重点是不规则的骨化和骨髓发育。描述了常见的儿科足部变异和病理学，如跗骨联合和第五跖骨基底骨折。我们还讨论了儿童足部对线和各种儿童足部对线畸形。
