Department of Chemistry, University of Gondar, P. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Biology, University of Gondar, P. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Jul 29;24(1):2031. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19496-5.
The majority of existing industries in Ethiopia discharge untreated effluents into nearby water bodies, streams and open land. The wastewater generated by Gondar malt factory (GMF) was disposed freely and join a natural wetland implemented for the treatment of the wastewater. The objective of the study was to analyze and characterize wastewater from GMF and to evaluate the effectiveness of the wetland for the treatment purpose.
Different Physicochemical quality indicators (color, turbidity pH, temperature, Total Dissolved solids, Total Suspended solids, total solid, conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, free chlorides, heavy metals-(Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Pb)and Biological Oxygen Demand were measured according to the standard procedures. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-25). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to find whether significant differences existed in the different sampling stations for the parameters studied. P value less than 0.05 was considered to show significant difference.
The results of this study revealed that most of the quality indicators were improved in value after the water passed through the wetland except for alkalinity M, sulfite, Mn, temperature and pH. From ANOVA result, it was noted that there was a significant mean difference between the stations except for chromium, manganese and lead. The result showed that the wetland plays a great role in the removal of pollutants where the best performance was obtained at removal efficiency of 96.188% PO75.63% Nitrate,>99% Cl ammonia and nitrite 99.99%, 92.77% sulfate,84.36% Total hardness,87.43% color, and for others it is ranged between 30 and 60%.
the study concluded that GMF wetland was almost effective and had potential in treatment of the wastewater from the discharging facilities (especially for nutrients, alkalinity P, hardness, color and chloride). It is recommended that wetlands should be conserved and used as wastewater treatment facility.
埃塞俄比亚的大多数现有行业将未经处理的废水排放到附近的水体、溪流和空地中。甘达尔麦芽厂（GMF）产生的废水是自由排放的，并排入了一个用于处理废水的天然湿地。本研究的目的是分析和表征 GMF 的废水，并评估湿地的处理效果。
根据标准程序测量不同的理化质量指标（颜色、浊度、pH 值、温度、总溶解固体、总悬浮固体、总固体、电导率、碱度、硬度、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、游离氯、重金属（Cd、Cr、Fe、Mn 和 Pb）和生化需氧量。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS-25）分析数据。采用方差分析（ANOVA）来确定研究参数在不同采样点是否存在显著差异。P 值小于 0.05 被认为存在显著差异。
本研究结果表明，除碱度 M、亚硫酸盐、锰、温度和 pH 值外，大多数水质指标在水通过湿地后均有所改善。从 ANOVA 结果可以看出，除铬、锰和铅外，各站点之间存在显著的均值差异。结果表明，湿地在去除污染物方面发挥了重要作用，其中去除效率最高可达 96.188%的 PO75.63%硝酸盐、>99%的 Cl 氨和亚硝酸盐 99.99%、92.77%的硫酸盐、84.36%的总硬度、87.43%的颜色，其他指标的去除率在 30%到 60%之间。
研究得出结论，GMF 湿地几乎有效，具有处理排放设施废水的潜力（特别是对营养物、碱度 P、硬度、颜色和氯化物）。建议保护和利用湿地作为废水处理设施。
