Hirst Broderick C, Dibrov Elena, Hirst Susan D, Pierce Grant N
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Canadian Centre for Agrifood Research in Health and Medicine, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2023 May 18;24(5):149. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2405149. eCollection 2023 May.
The inclusion of flaxseed in the diet may have a great number of potential benefits for the well-being of both healthy individuals and those challenged by disease conditions as well. With an increase in the number and quality of studies focused on the physiological and pathophysiological effects of dietary flaxseed, our knowledge concerning the rationale for the inclusion of flaxseed in our diet has become more convincing and stronger. The purpose of this review is threefold. First, the review will comprehensively document the evidence supporting the value of dietary flaxseed to improve bodily health in both normal and disease conditions. Second, this review will identify the mechanisms of action responsible for these effects. Finally, this article will review practical aspects relevant to the inclusion of flaxseed in the diet. Briefly, supplementing the diet with flaxseed has beneficial effects on the treatment and/or prevention of different kinds of cardiovascular disease (hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarcts, atherosclerosis), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, breast cancer, bone strength, menopause, diabetes, and wound healing. Although some controversy exists on the component within flaxseed that provides these beneficial actions, it is likely that the rich content of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid, is primarily responsible for the majority of these biological effects. It is concluded that the constantly expanding evidence in support of the inclusion of flaxseed in our daily diet to provide significant health benefits strongly encourages the initiation of additional work on dietary flaxseed in order to both confirm past findings as well as to further advance our knowledge regarding the important biological actions of dietary flaxseed.
在饮食中添加亚麻籽可能对健康个体以及患有疾病的人群的健康都有诸多潜在益处。随着关注膳食亚麻籽生理和病理生理效应的研究数量增加及质量提高，我们关于在饮食中添加亚麻籽的理论依据的认识变得更有说服力且更加充分。本综述的目的有三个方面。首先，该综述将全面记录支持膳食亚麻籽在正常和疾病状态下改善身体健康价值的证据。其次，本综述将确定造成这些效应的作用机制。最后，本文将综述与在饮食中添加亚麻籽相关的实际问题。简而言之，在饮食中补充亚麻籽对治疗和/或预防不同类型的心血管疾病（高血压、缺血性心脏病、心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化）、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、乳腺癌、骨骼强度、更年期、糖尿病以及伤口愈合都有有益作用。尽管对于亚麻籽中产生这些有益作用的成分存在一些争议，但很可能ω-3脂肪酸α-亚麻酸的丰富含量是造成这些生物学效应的主要原因。得出的结论是，不断增加的支持在日常饮食中添加亚麻籽以提供显著健康益处的证据，有力地鼓励开展更多关于膳食亚麻籽的研究工作，以便既证实过去的研究结果，又进一步增进我们对膳食亚麻籽重要生物学作用的了解。
