Tuka Vladimír, Holub Josef, Bělohlávek Jan
2nd Department of Medicine - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Jun 8;23(6):210. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2306210. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Acute myocardial infarction is a manifestation of atherosclerosis which may be fatal. In-hospital and short-term mortality rates after an acute myocardial infarction have declined in the past few decades. However, although long-term mortality has decreased, it remains unacceptably high. This review paper summarises the non-pharmacological interventions (smoking cessation, physical activity, nutrition, and psychosocial intervention) and pharmacological approaches (antiplatelet and lipid-lowering therapy, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, beta-blockers, and glucose-lowering drugs) to secondary prevention after a myocardial infarction. The provision of secondary prevention services is established through cardiac rehabilitation, which consists of several discussed components. Finally, we discuss the quality indicators for long-term care after an acute myocardial infarction.
急性心肌梗死是动脉粥样硬化的一种表现形式，可能会致命。在过去几十年中，急性心肌梗死后的住院死亡率和短期死亡率有所下降。然而，尽管长期死亡率有所降低，但仍然高得令人无法接受。这篇综述文章总结了心肌梗死后二级预防的非药物干预措施（戒烟、体育活动、营养和心理社会干预）和药物治疗方法（抗血小板和降脂治疗、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统抑制剂、β受体阻滞剂和降糖药物）。二级预防服务通过心脏康复来提供，心脏康复包括几个已讨论的组成部分。最后，我们讨论了急性心肌梗死后长期护理的质量指标。
