Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdansk 80-233, Poland.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2024 Aug 12;10(8):5362-5380. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00640. Epub 2024 Jul 30.
In this work, potassium, sulfur, nitrogen, and chlorine self-doped carbon dots (CDs) were hydrothermally synthesized using palm wine as a carbon source. The palm wine-derived CDs (PW-CDs) are amorphous in nature and displayed an average particle size of 4.19 ± 0.89 nm. The as-synthesized CDs are used to fabricate a photoluminescent sensing probe to simultaneously detect Cu and glucose via the "Turn ON-OFF-ON" mechanism. The PL quenching mechanism of PW-CDs enables the selective and sensitive detection of Cu ions with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.8 ppb (4.7 nM). The sensing probe quantified Cu in tap water, drinking water, and e-waste samples to prove its viability. Using CDs to quantify copper in e-waste leachate samples is a novel approach as no prior instances of such application have been reported. The system's performance is considered to be highly reproducible due to the relative standard deviation being <6.64%, along with excellent recoveries within the range of 93.24-109.86%. The quenched PL can be recovered by introducing glucose into the PW-CD + Cu system; this strategy is employed to quantify glucose with a LOD of 0.11 ppm (0.61 μM). The feasibility of this sensor was confirmed by the determination of glucose in actual human plasma specimens of diabetic patients. It is to be noted that these samples were neither diluted nor spiked with glucose. The developed PW-CD + Cu sensing system yields satisfactory recoveries of 93.45-107.37%. This probe was also incorporated into a smartphone-based sensing platform to detect Cu and glucose with desirable recoveries. The proposed smartphone-based sensing platform is flexible, reliable, and accurate, making it suitable for resource-constrained areas. Furthermore, based on the effect of Cu ions and glucose on the PL response and absorbance spectra of PW-CDs, four logic gates (YES, IMPLICATION, NOT, and OR) were designed, and PW-CDs were also used for cell imaging applications.
在这项工作中，采用棕榈酒作为碳源，通过水热法合成了钾、硫、氮和氯自掺杂碳点（CDs）。由棕榈酒衍生的 CDs（PW-CDs）为无定形物质，平均粒径为 4.19±0.89nm。所合成的 CDs 被用于制备一种光致发光传感探针，通过“开-关-开”机制同时检测 Cu 和葡萄糖。PW-CDs 的光致发光猝灭机制使 Cu 离子的选择性和灵敏检测成为可能，检测限（LOD）为 0.8ppb（4.7nM）。该传感探针用于定量自来水中、饮用水中和电子废物样品中的 Cu，以证明其可行性。使用 CDs 定量电子废物浸出液样品中的铜是一种新方法，因为以前没有报道过这种应用。由于相对标准偏差（RSD）<6.64%，并且回收率在 93.24-109.86%范围内，因此该系统的性能被认为是高度可重现的。被猝灭的 PL 可以通过向 PW-CD+Cu 体系中引入葡萄糖来恢复；该策略用于定量葡萄糖，检测限为 0.11ppm（0.61μM）。通过测定糖尿病患者实际人血浆样本中的葡萄糖，证实了该传感器的可行性。需要注意的是，这些样本既没有稀释也没有添加葡萄糖。开发的 PW-CD+Cu 传感系统对 Cu 和葡萄糖的回收率为 93.45-107.37%。该探针还被整合到基于智能手机的传感平台中，以实现对 Cu 和葡萄糖的理想回收率检测。所提出的基于智能手机的传感平台灵活、可靠、准确，适用于资源有限的地区。此外，基于 Cu 离子和葡萄糖对 PW-CDs 的光致发光响应和吸收光谱的影响，设计了四个逻辑门（YES、蕴涵、NOT 和 OR），并将 PW-CDs 用于细胞成像应用。
