Standort Witten, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V., Witten, Germany.
Fakultät für Gesundheit, Department für Pflegewissenschaft, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
Gesundheitswesen. 2024 Sep;86(S 04):S282-S289. doi: 10.1055/a-2326-6612. Epub 2024 Jul 30.
The built environment is a key component of dementia-specific care. Little is known about the characteristics of dementia-sensitive environmental elements in living units of nursing homes in Germany. The German Environmental Audit Tool (G-EAT) is a systematic assessment tool for describing these elements in detail.
To describe the extent of dementia-sensitive design principles and environmental elements in a regionally limited sample of living units in Germany.
The built environment was assessed using G-EAT and analysed quantitatively and descriptively. Definitions of living units were developed based on site visits and analysed using qualitative content analysis.
The 42 participating living units were heterogeneous in terms of space and composition. Dementia-sensitive design principles varied greatly in their implementation in the built environment; on average, 87.7% of the environmental elements were oriented towards a familiar environment. In contrast, visual accessibility was much less frequently enabled by the built environment (mean 37.3%).
The characteristics of various dementia-sensitive environmental elements need to be further investigated against the background of the nursing home care concept and the homogeneity of the resident group to enable the initiation of tailored environmental adaptation that can be implemented by interdisciplinary teams in nursing homes. This also requires a follow-up study with a larger sample of living units to identify the factors that promote and inhibit the development of a dementia-sensitive environment.
建筑环境是痴呆症特定护理的关键组成部分。关于德国养老院居住单元中痴呆症敏感环境要素的特征，人们知之甚少。德国环境审计工具（G-EAT）是一种系统的评估工具，可详细描述这些要素。
描述德国有限区域样本居住单元中痴呆症敏感设计原则和环境要素的程度。
使用 G-EAT 评估建筑环境，并进行定量和描述性分析。根据实地考察制定居住单元的定义，并使用定性内容分析进行分析。
42 个参与的居住单元在空间和组成方面存在异质性。在建筑环境中，痴呆症敏感设计原则的实施差异很大；平均而言，87.7%的环境要素面向熟悉的环境。相比之下，建筑环境更难以实现视觉可达性（平均为 37.3%）。
需要根据养老院护理理念和居民群体的同质性，进一步研究各种痴呆症敏感环境要素的特征，以便能够启动适合居住在养老院的跨学科团队实施的定制环境适应。这还需要对更多居住单元进行后续研究，以确定促进和抑制痴呆症敏感环境发展的因素。
