Ipas Nepal.
Ipas USA.
J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2024 Jun 21;22(1):25-33. doi: 10.33314/jnhrc.v22i01.4940.
Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. The drivers of climate risk include its topography, ecological diversity, climatic variability, natural resource dependency, under-development, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Climate change affects women and girls in unique ways. Research conducted in Asia Pacific region highlight negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes from climate change-related stressors such as droughts, floods, and air pollution, factors also linked to decreased SRH services utilization, increased maternal mortality rates, and repercussions on women's mental health.
This is a mixed methods study conducted in two river basins including household surveys with 384 females ages 18-49, 12 focus group discussions, and 22 key informant interviews. We conducted descriptive and thematic analysis.
More than half relied on agriculture for income (66%). Despite one-third being heads of households, land ownership was low (13%). Climate change perceptions included rising temperatures (88%), increased heat wave (70%), drying water source (99%), and delayed monsoons (83%), impacting agriculture and increasing women's workload (61%) due to displacement and male migration. 64% reported disturbances in antenatal and postnatal care visits . Inaccessible healthcare facilities during the rainy season increased maternal mortality risks. Heavy river flooding hindered female community health volunteers access leading to childbirth complications. 82% of women feared being unable to protect their children post-climate events. Moreover, 21% of women faced gender-based violence during or after climate disasters.
Our findings suggest clear impacts of climate change on women and the communities. Thus, climate adaptation efforts must be designed to address the unique impacts of the crisis on women and girls, making space for their increased participation and leadership.
尼泊尔是受气候变化影响最严重的国家之一。气候风险的驱动因素包括其地形、生态多样性、气候变异性、自然资源依赖、欠发达和社会经济脆弱性。气候变化对妇女和女孩有独特的影响。在亚太地区进行的研究强调了与气候变化相关的压力源（如干旱、洪水和空气污染）对性健康和生殖健康的负面影响，这些因素还与减少性健康服务的利用、增加产妇死亡率以及对妇女心理健康的影响有关。
这是一项在两个流域进行的混合方法研究，包括对 384 名 18-49 岁女性进行的家庭调查、12 次焦点小组讨论和 22 次关键知情人访谈。我们进行了描述性和主题分析。
超过一半的人（66%）依靠农业获得收入。尽管有三分之一的人是家庭主妇，但土地所有权很低（13%）。气候变化的认知包括气温升高（88%）、热浪增加（70%）、水源干涸（99%）和季风推迟（83%），这对农业和增加妇女的工作量（61%）产生了影响，导致她们流离失所和男性移民。64%的人报告说产前和产后护理就诊受到干扰。雨季期间医疗设施难以到达，增加了产妇死亡的风险。洪水泛滥严重阻碍了女性社区卫生志愿者的工作，导致分娩并发症。82%的妇女担心在气候事件后无法保护自己的孩子。此外，21%的妇女在气候灾害期间或之后遭受性别暴力。
我们的研究结果表明，气候变化对妇女和社区有明显的影响。因此，气候适应工作必须旨在解决危机对妇女和女孩的独特影响，为她们的更多参与和领导创造空间。
