Zhang Jingwei, Dai Jiaojian, Tian Liuqing, Xu Zhihe, Zhang Mingxia, Zhang Peng, Guo Chunyan, Li Qi
Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, P.R. China.
Psychophysiology. 2025 Jan;62(1):e14662. doi: 10.1111/psyp.14662. Epub 2024 Jul 30.
The goal of decision-making is to select one option and disregard the others. However, deliberation can also create a memory association between the chosen and unchosen options. This study aims to investigate how choice and deliberation affect the memory of postdecision options and the underlying mechanisms. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we examined item recognition (Experiment 1) and associative recognition (Experiment 2) following certain and uncertain decisions. In Experiment 1, items that were chosen in certain decisions were remembered better than unchosen items. There was no difference between chosen and unchosen items in uncertain decisions. Moreover, a late recollection-related LPC (a late positive component) old/new effect was larger for chosen items than unchosen items in certain decisions. The early familiarity-related FN400 and the late recollection-related LPC old/new effects were significant for chosen and unchosen items in uncertain decisions. In Experiment 2, there was no difference in performance on associative memory. A FN400 old/new effect (an index of integration) in certain or uncertain decisions was not observed. Although significant LPC old/new effects were found in both certain and uncertain decisions, no difference was found between them. These results propose that decision-making can enhance item memory performance through two distinct processes: value and elaboration. Elaboration involves focusing on the details within items rather than integrating items into a cohesive whole.
决策的目标是选择一个选项并忽略其他选项。然而，深思熟虑也会在所选和未选的选项之间建立记忆关联。本研究旨在探究选择和深思熟虑如何影响决策后选项的记忆以及潜在机制。我们使用事件相关电位（ERP），在确定和不确定决策后检查了项目再认（实验1）和关联再认（实验2）。在实验1中，在确定决策中被选择的项目比未被选择的项目记忆得更好。在不确定决策中，所选项目和未选项目之间没有差异。此外，在确定决策中，与后期回忆相关的LPC（晚期正成分）新旧效应在所选项目上比未选项目上更大。在不确定决策中，与早期熟悉度相关的FN400和与后期回忆相关的LPC新旧效应对所选和未选项目均显著。在实验2中，关联记忆表现没有差异。在确定或不确定决策中均未观察到FN400新旧效应（整合指标）。尽管在确定和不确定决策中均发现了显著的LPC新旧效应，但两者之间没有差异。这些结果表明，决策可以通过两个不同的过程提高项目记忆表现：价值和精细化。精细化涉及关注项目内的细节，而不是将项目整合为一个连贯的整体。
