Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2024 Jul 22;29(7):261. doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2907261.
The neural crest (NC), also known as the "fourth germ layer", is an embryonic structure with important contributions to multiple tissue and organ systems. Neural crest cells (NCCs) are subjected to epithelial to mesenchymal transition and migrate throughout the embryo until they reach their destinations, where they differentiate into discrete cell types. Specific gene expression enables this precise NCCs delamination and colonization potency in distinct and diverse locations therein. This review aims to summarize the current experimental evidence from multiple species into the NCCs specifier genes that drive this embryo body axes segmentation. Additionally, it attempts to filter further into the genetic background that produces these individual cell subpopulations. Understanding the multifaceted genetic makeup that shapes NC-related embryonic structures will offer valuable insights to researchers studying organogenesis and disease phenotypes arising from dysmorphogenesis.
神经嵴（NC），也被称为“第四胚层”，是一种胚胎结构，对多种组织和器官系统有重要贡献。神经嵴细胞（NCC）经历上皮到间质的转变，并在胚胎中迁移，直到到达目的地，在那里它们分化为不同的细胞类型。特定的基因表达使这种精确的 NCC 分层和殖民潜力在不同的、多样化的位置得以实现。本综述旨在将来自多个物种的现有实验证据总结到驱动胚胎体轴分段的 NCC 决定基因中。此外，它还试图进一步筛选产生这些单个细胞亚群的遗传背景。了解塑造与 NC 相关的胚胎结构的多方面遗传构成将为研究器官发生和由畸形发生引起的疾病表型的研究人员提供有价值的见解。
