Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, 11651 Cairo, Egypt.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2024 Jul 24;29(7):268. doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2907268.
Liver cancer, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. It is typically characterized by rapid progression, poor prognosis, and high mortality rates. Given these challenges, the search for molecular targets aiding early diagnosis and targeted therapy remains imperative. Glypican 3 (GPC3), a cell-surface glycoprotein, emerges as a promising candidate for addressing HCC Overexpressed in HCC tissues; GPC3 is a credible immunohistochemical marker for liver cancer diagnosis and a potential marker for liquid biopsy through soluble GPC3 in serum. Various immunotherapies targeting GPC3 have been developed, including vaccines, anti-GPC3 immunotoxins, and chimeric antigen receptor-modified cells. This review comprehensively covers the structure, physicochemical properties, biological functions, and clinical applications of GPC3. It explores diagnostic and treatment strategies centered around GPC3, offering hope for improved early detection and targeted therapies in the challenging landscape of HCC.
肝癌，主要是肝细胞癌（HCC），是全球癌症相关死亡的第二大主要原因。它通常以快速进展、预后不良和高死亡率为特征。鉴于这些挑战，寻找有助于早期诊断和靶向治疗的分子靶标仍然至关重要。Glypican 3（GPC3）是一种细胞表面糖蛋白，作为解决 HCC 的有前途的候选物出现，在 HCC 组织中过度表达；GPC3 是肝癌诊断的可靠免疫组织化学标志物，并且通过血清中的可溶性 GPC3 是液体活检的潜在标志物。已经开发了各种针对 GPC3 的免疫疗法，包括疫苗、抗 GPC3 免疫毒素和嵌合抗原受体修饰的细胞。本综述全面涵盖了 GPC3 的结构、物理化学性质、生物学功能和临床应用。它探讨了以 GPC3 为中心的诊断和治疗策略，为 HCC 挑战性环境中的早期检测和靶向治疗提供了希望。
