Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, 060-0818, Sapporo, Japan.
Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control and Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan.
Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2024 Sep;148:102550. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102550. Epub 2024 Jul 26.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an emerging threat to the survival of elephants in Nepal. We investigated the lung tissue samples from nine elephants that died from 2019 to 2022 in Nepal using culture, conventional PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and then performed genotyping of five PCR-positive isolates to understand the possible transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Results showed that two-thirds (6/9) of elephants were confirmed to be infected from Mtb by LAMP, 5/9 by PCR, and 4/9 by culture. Genotyping of Mtb isolates showed that elephants were infected with the Indo-Oceanic and Beijing lineages including an isoniazid-resistant Beijing lineage. MIRU-VNTR-based phylogeny, gyrA, and katG sequencing showed the possibility of ongoing transmission of Indo-Oceanic lineages and likely transmission of the drug-resistant Beijing lineage from human to elephant. Implementation of comprehensive surveillance and preventive measures are urgently needed to address this zoonotic disease and protect elephants from TB in Nepal.
结核病（TB）是尼泊尔大象生存面临的新威胁。我们使用培养、常规 PCR 和环介导等温扩增（LAMP）方法对 2019 年至 2022 年在尼泊尔死亡的 9 头大象的肺组织样本进行了调查，然后对 5 个 PCR 阳性分离株进行了基因分型，以了解结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）的可能传播动态。结果表明，通过 LAMP 确认有三分之二（6/9）的大象感染了 Mtb，5/9 通过 PCR，4/9 通过培养。Mtb 分离株的基因分型显示，大象感染了包括耐异烟肼的北京谱系在内的印度-印度洋和北京谱系。基于 MIRU-VNTR 的系统发育、gyrA 和 katG 测序表明，印度-印度洋谱系正在传播，耐多药的北京谱系可能从人类传播到大象。迫切需要实施全面监测和预防措施，以解决这种人畜共患病并保护尼泊尔的大象免受结核病的侵害。
