Swine Research Unit, Agroscope, Posieux, Switzerland.
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
J Nutr. 2024 Sep;154(9):2717-2731. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.032. Epub 2024 Jul 30.
Using ultraprocessed food (UPF) to replace traditional feed ingredients offers a promising strategy for enhancing food production sustainability.
To analyze the impact of salty and sugary UPF on gut microbiota, amino acids uptake, and serum analytes in growing and finishing pig.
Thirty-six Swiss Large White male castrated pigs were assigned to 3 experimental diets: 1) standard (ST), 0% UPF; 2) 30% conventional ingredients replaced by sugary (SU) UPF; and 3) 30% conventional ingredients replaced by salty (SA) UPF. The next-generation sequencing was used to characterize the fecal microbiota. Transepithelial electrical resistance and the active uptake of selected amino acids in pig jejuna were also evaluated. Data were enriched with measurements of fecal volatile fatty acids and serum urea, minerals, and insulin. All data analyses were run in R v4.0.3. The packages phyloseq, vegan, microbiome, and microbiomeutilities were used for microbiota data analysis. The remaining data were analyzed by analysis of variance using linear mixed-effects regression models.
The UPF did not affect fecal microbiota abundance or biodiversity. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio remained unaffected. SU-induced increase in the Anaerostipes genus suggested altered glucose metabolism, whereas SA increased the abundance of CAG-352 and p-2534-18B. No effects on fecal volatile fatty acids were observed. Assumptions of UPF negatively affecting small intestinal physiology were not supported by the measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance in pigs. Active amino acids uptake tests showed potential decrease in L-glutamate absorption in the SA compared with the SU diet. Blood serum analysis indicated no adverse effects on urea, calcium, magnesium, or potassium concentration but the SU group resulted in a lower blood serum insulin concentration at the time of blood collection.
When incorporated at 30% into a standard growing finishing diet for pigs, UPF does not have detrimental effects on gut microbiota, intestinal integrity, and blood mineral homeostasis.
使用超加工食品（UPF）替代传统饲料成分是提高粮食生产可持续性的一种有前途的策略。
分析咸味和甜味 UPF 对生长育肥猪肠道微生物群、氨基酸吸收和血清分析物的影响。
将 36 头瑞士大白雄性去势猪随机分配到 3 种实验日粮中：1）标准（ST），0% UPF；2）30%常规成分由含糖（SU）UPF 替代；3）30%常规成分由咸（SA）UPF 替代。使用下一代测序技术来描述粪便微生物群。还评估了猪空肠的跨上皮电阻和选定氨基酸的主动吸收。数据通过粪便挥发性脂肪酸和血清尿素、矿物质和胰岛素的测量进行了丰富。所有数据分析均在 R v4.0.3 中进行。phyloseq、vegan、microbiome 和 microbiomeutilities 包用于微生物组数据分析。其余数据通过线性混合效应回归模型的方差分析进行分析。
UPF 不影响粪便微生物群的丰度或生物多样性。厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例保持不变。Anaerostipes 属的增加表明糖代谢发生改变，而 SA 增加了 CAG-352 和 p-2534-18B 的丰度。未观察到粪便挥发性脂肪酸的变化。假设 UPF 会对小肠生理学产生负面影响，但猪的跨上皮电阻测量结果并不支持这一假设。主动氨基酸吸收试验表明，与 SU 饮食相比，SA 可能会降低 L-谷氨酸的吸收。血清分析表明，尿素、钙、镁或钾浓度没有不良影响，但 SU 组在采血时血清胰岛素浓度较低。
当以 30%的比例添加到猪的标准生长育肥日粮中时，UPF 不会对肠道微生物群、肠道完整性和血液矿物质稳态产生不利影响。
