Arancibia S, Assenmacher I
J Biol Buccale. 1985 Sep;13(3):185-203.
The evidence for interrelationships between the submandibular salivary glands (SMG) and the endocrine system is reviewed. Firstly, it has been clearly demonstrated that various hormones participate in the molecular control of exocrine enzyme synthesis in the SMG, and more particularly within the cells of the convoluted granular tubules of the gland. Testosterone was thus shown to stimulate the synthesis of a series of SMG enzymes via its specific cellular receptors and the genetic machinery of protein synthesis, while the active thyroid hormone T3, together with the glucocorticosteroids act synergistically with testosterone. In addition, experimental evidence is accumulating, ascribing to the SMG an endocrine function. More specifically, two important hormonal factors appear to originate in the SMG: the nerve growth factor (NGF), a polypeptide of 140.000 d which is highly concentrated in the SMG and plays a major role in the ontogenetic development and in the functions of spinal and sympathetic ganglia; and the epidermal growth factor (EGF), a 6.045 d peptide displaying a variety of biological actions including promotion of epidermal development, eruption of the incisors, stimulation of pituitary secretion of ACTH and GH, and inhibition of gastric and of thyroid hormone secretion. As previously observed for the SMG exocrine enzymes production, the two endocrine secretions of the SMG are also controlled by various classical hormones such as testosterone, thyroid hormones and adrenocorticosteroids. Finally, a more complex regulatory loop involving the SMG hormones was recently described, including a retrograde axonal transport of NGF from the SMG to the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) where it participates in transmitter syntheses, and, beyond the SCG, in the control of various targets of the SCG such as the pineal gland and other neuroendocrine regulations. Summing up, the buccal segment presently appears as a mixed glandular section with both exocrine and endocrine functions in the same line as the lower segments of the digestive tract, i.e. stomach, duodenum, liver and pancreas.
本文综述了下颌下唾液腺（SMG）与内分泌系统之间相互关系的证据。首先，已经清楚地表明，各种激素参与了SMG外分泌酶合成的分子控制，尤其是在腺体迂曲颗粒小管的细胞内。因此，睾酮通过其特定的细胞受体和蛋白质合成的遗传机制刺激一系列SMG酶的合成，而活性甲状腺激素T3与糖皮质激素与睾酮协同作用。此外，越来越多的实验证据表明SMG具有内分泌功能。更具体地说，两种重要的激素因子似乎起源于SMG：神经生长因子（NGF），一种分子量为140000道尔顿的多肽，在SMG中高度浓缩，在脊髓和交感神经节的个体发育和功能中起主要作用；以及表皮生长因子（EGF），一种6045道尔顿的肽，具有多种生物学作用，包括促进表皮发育、门牙萌出、刺激垂体分泌促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）和生长激素（GH），以及抑制胃和甲状腺激素分泌。正如之前观察到的SMG外分泌酶的产生一样，SMG的两种内分泌分泌物也受各种经典激素的控制，如睾酮、甲状腺激素和肾上腺皮质类固醇。最后，最近描述了一个涉及SMG激素的更复杂的调节回路，包括NGF从SMG到颈上神经节（SCG）的逆行轴突运输，在那里它参与神经递质的合成，并且在SCG之外，参与对SCG的各种靶标的控制，如松果体和其他神经内分泌调节。总之，目前颊段似乎是一个混合腺段，具有与消化道下段（即胃、十二指肠、肝脏和胰腺）相同的外分泌和内分泌功能。
