生物香薰枪：LNXM12 芽孢杆菌对番茄和草莓采后病原菌灰葡萄孢的抗真菌挥发性活性。
Bio-perfume guns: Antifungal volatile activity of Bacillus sp. LNXM12 against postharvest pathogen Botrytis cinerea in tomato and strawberry.
机构信息
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu-Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
出版信息
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2024 Aug;203:105995. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105995. Epub 2024 Jun 21.
Gray mold disease, caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major postharvest disease impacting fruits such as strawberries and tomatoes. This study explores the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Bacillus spp. as eco-friendly biocontrol agents against B. cinerea. In vitro experiments demonstrated that VOCs from Bacillus sp. LNXM12, B. thuringiensis GBAC46, and B. zhanghouensis LLTC93-VOCs inhibited fungal growth by 61.2%, 40.5%, and 21.6%, respectively, compared to the control. LNXM12 was selected for further experiments due to its highest control efficacy of 58.3% and 76.6% on tomato and strawberry fruits, respectively. The LNXM12 VOCs were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and 22 VOCs were identified. Synthetic VOCs with the highest probability percentage, namely ethyloctynol, 3-methyl-2-pentanone (3M2P), 1,3-butadiene-N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and squalene were used in experiments. The results showed that the synthetic VOCs ethyloctynol and 3M2P were highly effective, with an inhibition rate of 56.8 and 57.1% against fungal mycelium radial growth at 120 μg/mL on agar plates. Trypan blue staining revealed strongly disrupted, deeper blue, and lysed mycelium in VOC-treated B. cinerea. The scanning and transmission electron microscope (SEM and TEM) results showed that fungal mycelium was smaller, irregular, and shrunken after synthetic VOC treatments. Furthermore, the synthetic VOCs Ethyloctynol and 3M2P revealed high control efficacy on tomatoes and strawberries infected by B. cinerea. The control efficacy on leaves was 67.2%, 66.1% and 64.5%, 78.4% respectively. Similarly, the control efficiency on fruits was 45.5%, 67.3% and 46.3% 65.1%. The expression of virulence genes in B. cinerea was analyzed, and the results revealed that selected genes BcSpl1, BcXyn11A, BcPG2, BcNoxB, BcNoxR, and BcPG1 were downregulated after VOCs treatment. The overall result revealed novel mechanisms by which Bacillus sp. volatiles control postharvest gray mold disease.
灰霉病是由 Botrytis cinerea 引起的一种主要的采后病害，影响草莓和番茄等水果。本研究探讨了芽孢杆菌属产生的挥发性有机化合物 (VOCs) 作为防治 B. cinerea 的环保型生物防治剂的用途。体外实验表明，与对照相比，芽孢杆菌 LNXM12、苏云金芽孢杆菌 GBAC46 和解淀粉芽孢杆菌 LLTC93-VOCs 分别抑制真菌生长 61.2%、40.5%和 21.6%。由于对番茄和草莓果实的控制效果最高，分别为 58.3%和 76.6%，因此选择 LNXM12 进行进一步实验。通过气相色谱-质谱联用 (GC-MS) 分析鉴定了 LNXM12 的 VOCs，共鉴定出 22 种 VOCs。在实验中使用了具有最高概率百分比的合成 VOCs，即乙基辛炔醇、3-甲基-2-戊酮 (3M2P)、1,3-丁二烯-N, N-二甲基甲酰胺 (DMF) 和角鲨烯。结果表明，合成 VOCs 乙基辛炔醇和 3M2P 非常有效，在琼脂平板上 120μg/mL 时对真菌菌丝径向生长的抑制率分别为 56.8%和 57.1%。台盼蓝染色显示，经 VOC 处理的 B. cinerea 菌丝体严重破裂，颜色更深，呈裂解状态。扫描和透射电子显微镜 (SEM 和 TEM) 结果表明，真菌菌丝体在经过合成 VOC 处理后变小、不规则且皱缩。此外，合成 VOCs 乙基辛炔醇和 3M2P 对受 B. cinerea 感染的番茄和草莓表现出高的防治效果。对叶片的防治效果分别为 67.2%、66.1%和 64.5%、78.4%。同样，对果实的防治效果分别为 45.5%、67.3%和 46.3%、65.1%。分析了 B. cinerea 中毒力基因的表达，结果表明，在 VOC 处理后，选择的基因 BcSpl1、BcXyn11A、BcPG2、BcNoxB、BcNoxR 和 BcPG1 的表达下调。总体结果揭示了芽孢杆菌属挥发物控制采后灰霉病的新机制。
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